不同土壤类型条件下板栗品质评价与研究  

Evaluation and research on chestnut quality under different soil conditions

作　　者：张博文 郭素娟[1] ZHANG Bowen;GUO Sujuan(The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation and Protection,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第9期1904-1914,共11页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001604);林业与草原科技成果国家级推广项目(2020133118)。

摘　　要：【目的】对不同土壤类型条件下栽植的板栗品质进行综合评价,为高品质板栗的栽培、施肥与合理引种提供理论参考。【方法】以棕壤、褐土、黄褐土、黄棕壤、黄壤、红壤6种不同类型土壤条件栽培的板栗为对象,分析坚果品质与土壤养分的相关关系,通过主成分分析法对板栗单粒质量、含水量、支链淀粉/总淀粉比值以及可溶性糖、蛋白质、脂肪、总酚含量进行综合评价。【结果】(1)不同土壤类型pH、有机质和矿质养分含量变异系数范围为8.60%(pH)~48.35%(全磷),有机质含量与全氮、全钾含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与速效钾含量呈显著正相关(p<0.05);pH与速效钾含量呈显著正相关(p<0.05);全氮含量与全钾含量呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与有效铁含量呈显著负相关(p<0.05);有效锌含量与有效磷、有效钾含量呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。(2)不同土壤类型条件下各板栗品质指标变异系数范围为5.99%(含水量)~26.32%(可溶性糖含量),坚果单粒质量与有效锰含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01);速效钾含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与支链淀粉/总淀粉呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),pH与脂肪含量呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与蛋白质含量呈显著负相关(p<0.05),总酚含量与全氮含量呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。(3)棕壤条件下板栗的甜糯、耐贮藏品质最好,黄壤最差,褐土条件下板栗营养品质最好,红壤最差,综合评价结果表明棕壤条件下板栗综合品质最好,其后依次为褐土、黄褐土、红壤、黄棕壤、黄壤。【结论】棕壤条件下板栗品质最好,可溶性糖含量、支链淀粉/总淀粉、单粒质量、含水量、脂肪含量、蛋白质含量可作为主成分分析的指标来评价板栗综合品质。【Objective】To analyze the relationship between chestnut quality and soil nutrients of different soil types,the key soil factors for chestnut quality formation were screened,and the comprehensive quality of chestnut under different soil conditions was evaluated by the principal component analysis.【Methods】Six soil types included brown soil,cinnamon soil,yellow cinnamon soil,yellow brown soil,yellow soil and red soil.The organic matter,pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available iron,available zinc and available manganese contents in different soil types were determined.The differences in soil nutrients and chestnut quality under different soil conditions were analyzed by single factor analysis of variance.Correlation analysis was used to explore the effects of these soil nutrient factors on the chestnut quality(water content,single grain weight,amylopectin/total starch,soluble sugar,protein,fat and total phenol contents).The comprehensive quality of chestnut was evaluated based on the principal component analysis.【Results】(1)The nutrient contents of different types of soil varied greatly and the coefficient of variation of pH value,organic matter and mineral elements content ranged from 8.60%(pH)to 48.35%(total phosphorus),and the contents of organic matter,total potassium,alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus of brown soil were the largest.The pH and contents of total nitrogen and available potassium of cinnamon soil were the largest.The total phosphorus content of yellow cinnamon soil was the largest;The contents of available zinc and available manganese of yellow soil were the largest;The available iron content of red soil was the largest.Organic matter content was positively correlated with total nitrogen and potassium(p<0.01)and available potassium(p<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between pH and available potassium(p<0.05).Total nitrogen content was positively correlated with total

关 键 词：板栗 土壤类型 果实品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]