浙江省瓜类根腐病病原菌鉴定及其对杀菌剂敏感性测定  

Identification and fungicide sensitivity of pathogens causing Cucurbitaceae root rot in Zhejiang province

作　　者：严蕾艳[1] 王迎儿[1] 邢乃林 古斌权[1] 黄芸萍[1] 王毓洪[1] YAN Leiyan;WANG Ying’er;XING Nailin;GU Binquan;HUANG Yunping;WANG Yuhong(Vegetable Institute,Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ningbo Key Laboratory of Characteristic Horticultural Crops in Quality Adjustment and Resistance Breeding,Ningbo 315040,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市农业科学研究院蔬菜研究所·宁波市特色园艺作物品质调控与抗性育种重点实验室,浙江宁波315040

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第9期1943-1951,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：科技创新2025重大专项(2021Z006);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确浙江省内西瓜、甜瓜、葫芦和南瓜等瓜类作物根部病害种类及筛选病害防治的有效杀菌剂。【方法】通过病原菌分离培养、形态学特征观察、基因序列分析和致病性测定确定了造成瓜类根部病害的主要病原菌,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定了该病原菌对5种杀菌剂的敏感性。【结果】从不同瓜类作物上分离的主要根部病原菌从形态学上观察菌丝呈白色,在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(potato dextrose agar,PDA)上产生分生孢子。以内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)和蛋白翻译延长因子1-α(Translation elongation factor 1-α,TEF1-α)为引物进行基因序列分析,发现病原菌与腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)聚为一类。病原菌寄主专化性测定表明,鉴定到的多个瓜类根腐病菌可同时侵染西瓜、甜瓜、葫芦和南瓜等4种瓜类作物,病原菌的寄主专化性不明显。不同药剂敏感性测定结果表明,咪鲜胺对瓜类根腐病原菌的菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,平均有效中浓度EC50为0.135 mg·L^(-1);嘧菌酯的抑制作用最弱,所有测试菌株的EC50均大于800 mg·L^(-1)。【结论】在浙江省内首次鉴定到一种由腐皮镰刀菌引起的西瓜、甜瓜、葫芦和南瓜等瓜类根腐病。杀菌剂敏感性测定表明,咪鲜胺对菌丝生长有较好的抑制作用。【Objective】Cucurbitaceae is one type of the most important economic plants in the world,including watermelon,melon,gourd,cucumber,pumpkin and other common vegetables and fruits.With the increase of protected cultivation area and the increasingly serious land continuous cropping obstacles,soil-borne diseases of Cucurbitaceae have occurred seriously,affecting the yield and quality.Grafting technology is one of the effective ways to solve soil-borne diseases like Fusarium wilt.However,in recent years,watermelon and other melon crops have withered and died in many Cucurbitaceae production areas in Zhejiang,including watermelon grafted on gourd or pumpkin rootstocks.It is preliminarily determined that the plants may be infected with other soil-borne diseases other than fusarium wilt,but the specific type of pathogen has not been determined.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the soil-borne disease of Cucurbitaceae in Zhejiang.【Methods】The pathogens were isolated by tissue separation method,and small pieces of necrotic root tissues were cut,sterilized,dried and placed on PDA with streptomycin,growing at 25℃for 4 d.The purified stains were stored on PDA at 4℃.The main pathogens causing Cucurbitaceae root rot were identified by morphological characteristic observation,sequence analysis and pathogenicity test.The main causal agent of F.solani root rot from necrotic roots of watermelon,melon,bottle gourd and pumpkin was identified in Zhejiang.The pathogenicity of stains to different Cucurbitaceae crops was determined by yellowing seedling hypocotyl inoculation.The pathogens were inoculated on PDA containing penicillin and rifampicin for 5 d in dark at 25℃,and then the mycelium block was inoculated on the hypocotyl of the seedling with yellowing flattened cotyledons growing in dark,and wrapping with soaked absorbent paper for 4 d.The sensitivity of pathogens to five fungicides was determined by the mycelial growth rate method,i.e.,the mycelial disk of pathogens with a diameter of 0.5 cm was inocu

关 键 词：瓜类 腐皮镰刀菌 寄主专化性 杀菌剂敏感性 

分 类 号：S65[农业科学—果树学]