大理白族自治州农村献血人口特征分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of rural blood donation population in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture

作　　者：王永均 王华 李剑波 杜月娥 杨静雄 李俊帆 何永勋 WANG Yongjun;WANG Hua;LI Jianbo;DU Yuee;YANG Jingxiong;LI Junfan;HE Yongxun(Dali Blood Center,Dali 67100,China)

机构地区：[1]大理白族自治州中心血站,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2023年第9期813-817,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的了解大理白族自治州农村地区无偿献血者的状况和特征,为在民族地区农村人口中科学、有效地开展无偿献血工作提供依据。方法收集2010—2019年在本站(驻地)所有献(采)血场所参加无偿献血的农村居民献血者资料,包括献血者民族、性别、年龄、学历等人口学数据,以及献血次数、血液感染性筛查(指标)结果;同上选取同一时段在本站完成献(采)血的城镇居民献血者的同类数据,考察这一时期大理地区献(采)血率的增长趋势,采用SPSS26.0对所收集的农村献血人口与城镇献血人口的数据作统计学分析。结果2010—2019年大理地区献血人数由13949人增加至19479人,增长了39.64%;农村居民献血人数由2623人增加至8727,其中农村少数民族献血者人数由1779人增加至5059人;本组献血者中男性与女性比例2010年为70.30%(1844/2623)vs 29.70%(779/2623),2019年为56.37%(4919/8727)vs 43.63%(3808/8727);献血者学历以初中及以下者为最[43.97%(38443/85836)],年龄以36~45岁者为多40.73%(30477/74827),重复献血者比例54.87%(35279/64299)[本地区同期城镇居民重复献血者比例为48.13%(55677/115675)](P<0.01),其中少数民族献血者以学历初中及以下者[24.47%(23583/85836)]、年龄以36~45岁者[28.56%(21374/74827)]最多,重复献血者比例49.89%(18080/36240);血液感染性指标检测:不合格率最高的ALT为1.21%(1272/105489)[本地城镇献血人口的不合率为1.99%(3837/192552)](P<0.01),少数民族相应为1.51%(358/56718),HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、抗-TP不合格率城乡献血者无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论弄清本地农村地区(特别是民族地区)献血者的基本特征与献血者(血液)不合格原因,对科学合理和有针对性地开展无偿献血(者)的宣教与招募,促进边远民族地区献血的主力军向农村居民献血者转移具有重要意义。Objective To explore the status and characteristics of voluntary blood donors in rural areas of Dali Bai Au⁃tonomous Prefecture(referred as Dali),and to provide basis for scientific and effective voluntary blood donation in rural pop⁃ulation in regions inhabited by ethnic groups.Methods The data of rural blood donors who donated blood in Dali from 2010 to 2019 were collected,including demographic data as nationality,gender,age,educational background,as well as the blood donation frequency and blood infection screening(index)results.The above data of urban blood donors who donated blood in Dali during the same period were selected to investigate the increasing trend of blood donation rate.SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the collected data of rural and urban blood donation population.Results From 2010 to 2019,the num⁃ber of blood donors in Dali increased from 13949 to 19479,with an increasing rate of 39.64%.The number of rural blood donors increased from 2623 to 8727,among which the number of ethnic minority groups increased from 1779 to 5059.The ratio of male to female blood donors was 70.30%(1844/2623)vs 29.70%(779/2623)in 2010,56.37%(4919/8727)vs 43.63%(3808/8727)in 2019.Those with educational level of junior middle school or below were the most,accounted for 43.97%(38443/85836),with ethnic donors of 24.47%(23583/85836).The proportion of donors aged between 36 and 45 was the highest[40.73%(30477/74827)],with ethnic donors of[28.56%(21374/74827),and the proportion of repeat⁃ed blood donors was 54.87%(35279/64299),with ethnic donors of 49.89%(18080/36240)[the proportion of repeated blood donors in urban donors in the same period was 48.13%(55677/115675)](P<0.01).The unqualified rate of ALT was the highest[1.21%(1272/105489)][The unqualified rate in local donors was 1.99%(3837/192552)](P<0.01),and that of the ethnic donors was 1.51%(358/56718).There was no significant difference in the unqualified rates of HB⁃sAg,anti⁃HCV,anti⁃HIV and anti⁃TP among urban and rural blood donors(P>0.05).

关 键 词：农村献血人口 无偿献血 民族地区 献血者人口学信息 重复献血者 血液检测不合格 大理白族自治州 

分 类 号：R193.3216[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R446.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]