睡虎地秦简《马禖》新探  

A New Exploration of'Mamei'in Shuihudi Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：王强 Wang Qiang(Institute of Ancient Chinese Documents,School of Archaeology,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China.)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学考古学院古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2023年第4期66-73,M0005,共9页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“北京大学藏汉简《日忌》《日约》两种未刊数术文献的整理与研究”(项目批号:20CYY023);“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”规划项目“出土汉代日书类文献分类辑证”(项目批号:G3933)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：根据北大汉简《日书》和《日忌》的提示,简文中的“祝”应为“大祝”或“太祝”之省,本篇题作《马禖》最具合理性。在此前提下,全篇可划分为3部分,由“●”和“▅”两个符号隔开,前后两部分为需要祝者读出的内容,中间部分则是关于神位安置和餟祭等环节,不需要祝者读出。第一部分中,“日丙”应理解为先牧之名,如此方能与“马禖”合神。第二部分中,旧释“东向南向各一马”之“马”应为“席”字残文,孔家坡汉简日书《鸡血社》简文可证。第三部分中,“㪇”字本当作“牧”,应是涉上文“先”字而误,“先牧”与“四厩行大夫”为并列的神灵名,因此可以与“次席”连读。“屏詷马”应分析为“屏+詷马”,“詷”为修饰马的形容词。从韵读和北大汉简《日书》新材料来看,方勇对“令其口耆(嗜)葏(荐)[齒出]=([齒出][齒出]),耆(嗜)㱃(饮)律=(律律),弗遏自退,弗敺(驱)自出”一句的断读和分析正确,可从。从用字习惯方面考虑,“嗅乡”应读作“嗅向”。According to the hints of'Rishu'(《日书》)and'Riji'(《日忌》)in the bamboo slips of Peking University collection,the'Zhu'(祝)in the bamboo slips should be the abbreviated form of'Dazhu'(大祝)or'Taizhu'(太祝).Accordingly,this article can be reasonably entitled'Mamei'(马禖).Under this premise,the whole article can be divided into three parts.The first and third parts are the contents that need to be read by the service host,and the second part is explanation about the procedure,which does not need to be read.In the first part,'Ribing'(日丙)should be understood as the name of the first shepherd,so that it can be combined with'Mamei'.In the second part,the"horse"in the old interpretation should be taken as the remnant of the word"Xi"(席),which can be proved by the Han bamboo slips unearthed from Kongjiapo(孔家坡).In the third part,the word'㪇'should be a mistaken inscription of'Mu'(牧),which is a part of the word'Xianmu'(先牧).'Pingtongma'(屏詷马)should be analyzed as'Ping+Tongma',and'Tong'is an adjective used to modify horses.From the perspective of rhyme reading and the new materials of"Rishu"in Peking University Han Bamboo Slips collection,Fang Yong(方勇)'s related study is acceptable.

关 键 词：马禖 秦简 祝祷 数术 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] B992[历史地理—历史学]