清代法律的满汉融合——以旗奴告主法律的变迁为中心  

A Study of the Qing Legislation Changes Concerning Indictments Made by Bannermen's Servants against Their Masters

作　　者：宋兴家 Song Xingjia(School of History and Culture,Hunan Normal University,Hunan,Changsha,410081,China.)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2023年第4期117-124,M0006,M0007,共10页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：清入关前所定离主条例鼓励旗下奴仆通过首告家主的不法行为,获得离主的机会。入关之初,即便与顺治律中严禁家奴告主的律文完全冲突,官方仍旧允许旗下家奴首告家主。康熙、雍正年间,官方在旗下家奴告主的立法上表现出一些游移:既开始吸收顺治律中“干名犯义”条文制定相关条例,对家奴告主的行为做出一些限制;又比照关外法条新定一些鼓励家仆告主的条例。至乾隆年间,官方才彻底接受“干名犯义”律条,严惩旗下奴仆首告家主。官方对旗下家奴告主的立法,从依照关外传统予以鼓励,到逐渐接受内地法律,最终转向严惩旗奴告主,是满汉法律融合复杂过程的真实写照。According to the Manchu law before 1644,bannermen's servants are encouraged to report the wrongdoings of their masters to the rulers,which might lead to termination of the reporters'dependence to their masters.Servants are allowed to do so even after the Manchu conquered Beijing in 1644,although this practice is contradictory to the legal article announced by Emperor Shunzhi.The policy concerning this practice is indecisive during the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng.On the one hand,the court implemented the status articles in Shunzhi law to punish the servants who indicted their masters.On the other hand,the rulers also encouraged the servants to sue their masters based on the traditional Manchu law.It is in the reign of Emperor Qianlong that the Qing rulers fully adopted the legal article of forbidding the inferiors to indict against their masters.This legislation change reflects the complexity of the Manchu and Han legislation integration.

关 键 词：清代 旗奴告主 干名犯义 满汉法律融合 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] D929[历史地理—中国史]