中国长三角地区船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献:向岸气流的影响  

Impact of Ship Emissions on PM_(2.5) in the Yangtze River Delta, China, with an Emphasis on the Onshore Airflow

作　　者：赵莹[1] 李悦[2] 马怡哲 程沁毓 郝江虹 赵秀勇 陈东升[1] ZHAO Ying;LI Yue;MA Yizhe;CHENG Qinyu;HAO Jianghong;ZHAO Xiuyong;CHEN Dongsheng(Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control,Faculty of Environment and Life,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology,Transport Planning and Research Institute,Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100028,China;State Key Laboratory for Clean and Efficient Coal-fired Power Generation and Pollution Control,National Environmental Protection Research Institute for Electric Power Co.,Ltd.Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境与生命学部,北京区域空气污染控制重点实验室,北京100124 [2]交通运输部规划研究院,交通排放控制监测技术实验室,北京100028 [3]国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,清洁高效燃煤发电与污染控制国家重点实验室,南京210031

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第5期991-1000,共10页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China (51978011);The Opening Project of State Key Laboratory for Clean and Efficient Coal-fired Power Generation and Pollution Control (D2022FK082)。

摘　　要：船舶排放是影响沿海地区空气质量的重要因素。在向岸风的作用下,船舶排放对沿海地区大气污染物的不利影响更加显著。然而,已有研究仅仅基于特定时间范围内以及特定站点的情况,针对全年长时间序列以及不同季节,向岸风的发生频率以及对船舶排放传输的影响还尚未完全了解。因此,本研究选择长三角地区作为目标研究区域,使用WRF/Chem (The Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry)模型来探究2018年向岸风影响下,船舶排放对沿海地区PM_(2.5)的影响。结果表明:(1)向岸风影响下,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献较全年平均贡献和非向岸风影响下的贡献更为显著,尤其是在沿海地区。向岸风时段,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献值在上海市和宁波市可分别达到9.3μg m^(-3)和7.4μg m^(-3),分别为全年平均值的1.8和1.3倍。(2)在向岸风时段,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献不仅在沿海地区显著增加,在内陆地区的贡献也较为明显。在中部地区距海岸线200 km处,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献值在向岸风时段为4.5μg m^(-3),而全年平均值仅为2.5μg m^(–3)。(3)在向岸风影响下,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的影响呈现出明显的季节差异。在向岸风的影响下,冬季船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献较其他季节大。在夏季,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献,在向岸风与非向岸风时段的差异最大。在春季,即使向岸风发生频率最低,但船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的影响仍较大。仅考虑年均或者月均的情况下,船舶排放对PM_(2.5)的贡献可能往往被低估,这将不利于重污染时期对船舶排放的精准防控。本研究结果将有助于理解向岸气流存在时,船舶排放传输特征,并为沿海空气污染控制和管理提供参考。Ship emissions are an important factor affecting air quality in coastal areas.The adverse effects of ship emissions on coastal air pollutants are more pronounced in the presence of onshore wind.However,existing studies are based on the summer half of the year and specific stations,so the frequency of onshore winds and their effect on the transport of ship emissions are not fully understood for the whole year or for different seasons.Therefore,in this study,the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region was selected as the target study area,and the WRF/Chem(The Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry)model was used to investigate the impact of ship emissions on PM_(2.5)in coastal areas under the influence of onshore wind in 2018.There are three main findings.(1)The contribution of ship emissions to PM_(2.5)under the influence of onshore wind was more significant than either the annual average contribution or the contribution under the influence of non-onshore wind,especially in coastal areas.The contributions of ship emissions to PM_(2.5)during onshore wind hours reached 9.3μg m^(-3)and 7.4μg m^(-3)in Shanghai and Ningbo,respectively,which were 1.8 and 1.3 times the annual average,respectively.(2)During onshore wind periods,the contribution of ship emissions to PM_(2.5)increases significantly not only in coastal areas,but also inland.In the central region 200 km from the coast,ship emissions contributed 4.5μg m^(-3)to PM_(2.5)during onshore wind hours,while the annual average was only 2.5μg m^(-3).(3)Under the influence of onshore wind,the effect of ship emissions on PM_(2.5)showed obvious seasonal differences.Under the influence of onshore wind,the contribution of ship emissions to PM_(2.5)was larger in winter than in other seasons.In summer,the contribution of ship emissions to PM_(2.5)differed the most between onshore and non-onshore wind periods.In spring,the contribution of ship emissions to PM_(2.5)was greater even though the frequency of onshore wind was the lowest.The contribution of ship emissi

关 键 词：向岸风 PM_(2.5) 船舶排放 WRF/Chem 长三角地区 

分 类 号：X736.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]