华夷之间:明清时期云南学宫的设置、传承机制及其象征意蕴  

Between China and Yi:The Establishment,Inheritance Mechanism,and Symbolic Implications of Yunnan Xuegong during the Ming and the Qing Dynasties

作　　者：覃延佳[1] 王越平 QIN Yanjia;WANG Yueping

机构地区：[1]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《民俗研究》2023年第5期49-63,157,158,共17页Folklore Studies

基　　金：贵州省2020年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大课题“科举移民与儒学在西南地区的传播——以文庙为主题的研究”(项目编号:20GZGX05)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元明之后,以官学为核心的儒学传播是云南地方融入大一统中国文化的重要途径。明王朝一方面加强对云南的军事征伐,一方面推进云南地区的文教事业建设,使得儒学在云南得到相应传播。进入清代以后,得益于学宫、书院、义学的增加,儒学在云南的传播更为广泛。透过学宫的设置及学田制度的延续,我们看到以学宫为中心的官学体系不仅为云南士人走向国家舞台提供了通道,同时也成为边疆地区士绅阶层形成的摇篮。学宫作为一种礼仪标识和文化地景,在塑造地方文人传统的同时,也在对未进入这个体系的人群进行区隔,从而构建了一个边缘社会的中心。这一模式既维护了儒学教育体制内的身份优越性,同时也为少数民族的文化多样性提供了空间,构成我们认识云南社会的另外一个维度。After the Yuan and the Ming dynasties,the dissemination of Confucianism with official education was an important way for Yunnan to integrate into the unified Chinese culture.On the one hand,the Ming Dynasty strengthened its military campaign against Yunnan,and on the other hand,it promoted the construction of cultural and educational undertakings in the Yunnan region,resulting in the corresponding dissemination of Confucianism in Yunnan.During the Qing Dynasty,because of the increase in academic palaces,academies,and Yixue,Confucianism spread more widely in Yunnan.Through the establishment of academic palaces and the continuation of the academic field system,we can see that the official school system centered around academic palaces not only provided a pathway for Yunnan scholars to enter the national stage,but also became the cradle of the formation of the gentry class in border areas.As a ritual marker and cultural landscape,the Xuegongnot only shapes the traditions of local literati,but also distinguishes those who have not entered this system,thus constructing a center of marginalized society.This model maintains the identity superiority within the Confucian education system,and makes space for the cultural diversity of ethnic minorities,which constitutes another dimension for us to understand Yunnan society.

关 键 词：学宫 华化 意识模型 礼仪标识 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] G529[历史地理—中国史]