不同混交比例对栎类混交林生长和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of different mixed ratios on the growth and soil nutrient of oak mixed plantations

作　　者：廖科 刘振华[2] 童方平[2] 陈瑞[2] 吴敏[2] 蒋龙 龚发武 李贵[2] LIAO Ke;LIU Zhenhua;TONG Fangping;CHEN Rui;WU Min;JIANG Long;GONG Fawu;LI Gui(Hunan Forestry Seedling Propagation Demonstration Center,Changsha 410007,Hunan,China;Hunan Forestry Academy,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,Jishou 416000,Hunan,China;Luxi County Forestry Bureau,Luxi 416100,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业种苗繁育示范中心,湖南长沙410007 [2]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]湘西土家族苗族自治州林业局,湖南吉首416000 [4]泸溪县林业局,湖南泸溪416100

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2023年第9期80-88,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：湖南省林业科技创新资金项目(XLK202105-1);欧洲投资银行贷款湖南森林提质增效示范项目(OT-S-KTA1)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同混交比例对栎类混交林林分生长和土壤养分的影响,探索最佳栎类混交造林模式。【方法】在湖南宁乡市坝塘镇林场选择5个不同混交比例的栎类混交模式:栎类(L10)、3栎类7枫香混交(L3F7)、7栎类3枫香混交(L7F3)、5栎类5杉木混交(L5S5)、7栎类3杉木混交(L7S3),以栎类模式作为对照(CK),经过12 a生长后,对各模式林木生长因子和林地土壤养分指标进行测定和分析。【结果】1)5个模式间栎类的生长具有显著差异,除L5S5模式外,其他3种混交模式的栎类平均胸径均大于L10模式,各模式的栎类单株平均材积排序为L7F3>L3F7>L7S3>L10>L5S5;L10模式的径阶分布范围比其他4个混交模式宽1~2个径阶,但平均单株材积均小于其他栎类混交模式;各模式的蓄积量大小排序为L7S3>L10>L7F3>L5S5>L3F7。2)相对于纯栎类林分,栎类与枫香/杉木混交后,林地土壤养分含量得到一定程度的改善,尤其是有机质均有显著提高。随着土层深度的增加,全磷、全钾含量变化不明显,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾表现为逐渐降低,pH值表现为逐渐增加;除有效磷每层之间差异均显著外,其他有效养分20~40 cm层变化大于40~60 cm层的变化,说明40 cm土层深度后土壤养分含量变化幅度减缓。3)整体上看,林分生长与林地的pH值、全氮、全钾、速效磷及有机质5个因子显著相关,与土壤速效钾的相关性不显著。各模式土壤养分质量综合得分排序为L7F3>L3F7>L7S3>L5S5>L10。【结论】栎类+枫香/杉木混交造林模式均优于纯栎类模式,研究结果可为栎类混交造林提供理论依据。【Objective】This article was designed to study the effect of different mixed ratios on the growth and soil nutrients of oak mixed plantations and explore the best mixing mode of oak.【Method】Five types of oak mixed plantations were selected in Batangzhen Forest Farm of Ningxiang County in Hunan Province:Pure oak(L10),Oak-Liquidambar formosana mixed(L3F7),Oak-Liquidambar formosana mixed(L7F3),Oak-Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed(L5S5)and Oak-Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed(L7S3),and the oak pure plantation of Eucalyptus was used as the control(CK).Growth factors and soil nutrient indexes were determined and analyzed after 12 years.【Result】1)There were extremely significant differences in the DBH and individual volume of oak in the 5 stands.The average DBH of the other 3 mixed models was higher than that of the L10 mode except for the L5S5 mode,and the order of average individual volume was L7F3>L3F7>L7S3>L10>L5S5.The diameter distribution range of the L10 mode was 1-2 grades wider than that of the other 4 mixed plantation modes,but the average individual volume was smaller than that of other modes.The order of the volume of each mode was L7S3>L10>L7F3>L5S5>L3F7.2)Compared with the L10 mode,the soil nutrient content of forest land had changed,especially the organic matter was significantly improved after mixing with Liquidambar formosana or Cunninghamia lanceolata.With the increase of soil depth,the total phosphorus and total potassium content did not change significantly,while the total nitrogen,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium decreased gradually,and the pH value increased gradually.In addition to the significant difference of available phosphorus between each soil layer,the changes of other available nutrients in the 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly greater than that in the 40-60 cm soil layer.It showed that the changes in soil nutrient content slowed down below the 40 cm soil layer.3)On the whole,the stand growth was significantly correlated with the 5 fac

关 键 词：栎 混交林 林分生长 蓄积量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S792.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S792.189[农业科学—林学]