为何外包、外包给谁与如何外包:公共服务外包中的政府决策  

A Study on Government Decision-making in Public Service Outsourcing

作　　者：叶托[1] 高灿玉 Ye Tuo;Gao Canyu

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广东广州510640 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《行政与法》2023年第8期1-13,共13页Administration and Law

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金面上项目“公共服务外包背景下政府与社会组织合作的影响因素、动态演化与提升策略”,项目编号:2019A1515011237;广州市哲学社科规划课题“政府购买社会服务的风险及其管理研究:以广州市为例”,项目编号:2022GZGJ50。

摘　　要：政府决策是公共服务外包中的一个重要环节,直接关系到合同履约的成败。政府在公共服务外包中必然面对为何外包、外包给谁与如何外包三个决策问题。在为何外包方面,交易成本理论、委托代理理论、公共选择理论与社会学新制度主义均提供了不同的解释思路,而影响外包动机的主要因素可以划分为服务、政府和政治三类。在外包给谁方面,私营企业、社会组织与其他政府各有各的优势和缺点,需要政府予以相机抉择。在如何外包方面,传统合同与关系合同被视为两种相互对立的合同治理机制。在实践中,提高公共服务外包中的政府决策水平要找准上述三个方面的着力点,从外包动因的角度来看,需要建立开放透明的外包决策机制;从承包方选择的角度来看,需要破除唯私营企业优越或唯社会组织优越的成见,根据公共服务的性质和承包方的特征进行相机抉择;从合同形式选择的角度来看,需要探索传统合同与关系合同优势互补的方式方法。Government decision-making is an important link in public service outsourcing,directly related to the success or failure of contract implementation.This article believes that the government will inevitably face three decision-making issues in public service outsourcing:why to outsource,to whom to outsource,and how to out-source.Regarding why to outsource,transaction cost theory,principal-agent theory,Public choice and sociological new institutionalism provide dfferent explanations.The main factors affecting outsourcing motivation can be di-vided into three categories:service,government and politics.Regarding who to outsource to,private enterprises,so-cial organizations,and other governments each have their own advantages and disadvantages,and the government needs to make decisions according to the certain situation.Regarding how to outsource,traditional contracts and relational contracts are seen as two opposing contract governance mechanisms.Therefore,in practice,there are three measures to improve the quality of government decision-making in public service outsourcing.From the perspective of outsourcing motivations,it is necessary to establish an open and transparent outsourcing decision-making mechanism.From the perspective of contractor selection,governments should choose contractors according to the nature of public services and characteristics of contractors.From the perspective of contract selection,it is necessary to explore appropriate methods to combine the advantages of traditional contracts and relational con-tracts.

关 键 词：公共服务外包 政府决策 外包动因 外包对象 外包合同 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]