司法人工智能与人类法官的互补之道——以当事人公正感为中心的思考  

Complementarity Between Judicial Artificial Intelligence and Human Judges——Thoughts Centered on the Perceived Justice of Parties

作　　者：唐丰鹤 TANG Feng-he

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学法学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《求是学刊》2023年第4期122-134,共13页Seeking Truth

基　　金：浙江省社科规划项目“以当事人为受众的司法裁判可接受性研究”(22NDJC055YB)。

摘　　要：根据实体公正、程序公正和互动公正的相关理论,结合其自身特点,可以认定司法公正感的影响因素包括一致性、中立性、准确性、控制感、尊重感、合理解释等。实证研究发现,在满足当事人公正感方面,人工智能在一致性、中立性方面优于人类,而在准确性、控制感、尊重感、合理解释方面则劣于人类。在司法审判中,可以利用人工智能在中立性和一致性方面的优势,纠正人类法官的认知偏差、情感偏向和利益倾向,提升案件定性一致性和定量一致性水平,从而达到提高当事人公正感的目的。同时,人工智能在准确性、控制感、尊重感、合理解释方面的不足,也决定了人类法官的用武之地。According to the relevant theories of substantive justice,procedural justice and interactive justice,combined with its own characteristics,it can be determined that the influencing factors of the sense of judicial justice include consistency,neutrality,accuracy,sense of control,sense of respect,and reasonable explana⁃tion.Empirical studies have found that artificial intelligence(AI)is superior to humans in terms of consistency and neutrality in satisfying the parties’sense of justice,while it is inferior to humans in terms of accuracy,sense of control,sense of respect,and reasonable explanation.In judicial trials,AI can be used to take advan⁃tage of neutrality and consistency,get rid of the cognitive bias,emotional bias and interest tendency of human judges,and improve the level of qualitative consistency and quantitative consistency of cases,so as to achieve the purpose of improving the parties’sense of justice.At the same time,the deficiencies of AI in accuracy,sense of control,sense of respect,and reasonable explanation also determine the usefulness of human judges.

关 键 词：司法审判 司法人工智能 人类法官 主观程序正义 公正感 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] D916.2[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]