“机关干部下沉”与基层应急管理组织的结构化——一个理论建构型过程追踪研究  

"State Cadres down to the Communities"and the Structuring of Grassroots Emergency Management Organizations:A Theory Building Process Tracing Study

作　　者：于君博 刘春洲 Yu Junbo;Liu Chunzhou

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院,南京210023 [2]吉林大学中国地方政府创新研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2023年第9期67-78,共12页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：“机关干部下沉”已成为我国提升城市基层应急能力,尤其在社区层面处置重大灾害和危机的标志性组织动员措施。在本质上,这是一种将上级行政部门的人力资源临时地注入基层,从而快速补强基层能力短板的行动。已有研究或从科层制视角出发聚焦分析干部下沉后应急管理体系内部自上而下的“命令-控制”传导的优势与顽疾,或采用协调动员视角探究下沉干部与社区本地力量协同配合的潜力与效果,但均缺乏对下沉社区内异质性组织间互动机制的提炼与分析。为弥补这一不足,本文以结构化理论为逻辑框架,运用过程追踪方法,再现“机关干部下沉”在同一社区内两个不同小区中融入、改变既有基层应急管理组织格局的过程,进而提炼出“需求建构、功能调试、角色分工”三个推动下沉干部嵌入基层应急管理组织的机制部件,为理解国家力量注入与社会基层多元组织协同的结构性难题与过程性难题提供了一种理论上的参照。"State Cadres down to the Communities"has become a landmark organizational mobilization measure in China to enhance the emergency response capacity of urban grassroots and deal with major disasters and crises at the community level.Its essence is to temporarily inject the human resources of administrative superiors into the grass-roots level and quickly strengthen the shortcomings of grass-roots governance.In this regard,there have been studies focusing on analyzing the advantages and obstacles of the"command-control"transmission within the emergency management system from the perspective of administrative control.Others have adopted a perspective of coordinated mobilization to explore the potential and effectiveness of the collaboration between downsized officials and local community forces.However,both of the above perspectives lack the extraction and analysis of the interaction mechanisms between heterogeneous organizations within the Cadres-down communities,and fail to clarify the structural and procedural challenges of integrating national forces with diverse grassroots organizations.Therefore,this paper adopts structuration theory as a logical framework and uses a process tracing method to reproduce the process of integration and change of the original grassroots emergency management organization in two different neighborhoods belonging to the same community.Subsequently,three mechanism components that drive the integration of downsized officials into grassroots emergency management organizations are extracted:Brokerage,Appropriation,and Specialization.These findings provide theoretical for understanding structural and procedural problems of cooperation between the embedding of state and multiple grass-roots social organizations.

关 键 词：应急管理 行政控制 社会动员 结构化 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]