人身危险性罪刑功能的规范依据与司法适用  

The Normative Basis and Judicial Application of Crime and Punishment Function of Personal Danger

作　　者：宋伟卫 Song Weiwei

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,南京211100

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2023年第9期89-99,共11页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“数据正义视阈下犯罪的技术治理均衡发展研究”(20BFX066)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国刑事立法正在逐步发生转向,行为人刑法逐渐受到重视。行为人的人身危险性被刑法规范纳入罪量要素,大量司法解释将累犯、再犯、多次犯等体现人身危险性的情节作为犯罪的成立标准,刑法入罪标准逐渐从“一元模式”向“二元模式”转变。由于缺乏科学的理论指导,刑事裁判中法官对人身危险性与社会危害性、主观恶性边界的认识模糊,导致人身危险性的适用随意性较大。应立足于现有的刑法理论体系对人身危险性的罪刑功能展开分析,从刑事责任的根据、犯罪构成理论来阐释人身危险性罪刑功能的理论依据。在定罪领域,人身危险性作为罪量标准的适用范围应受严格限制,从而提高行为人重复实施违法行为升格为犯罪的门槛;在量刑领域,外化为具体行为的客观因素具有双向量刑功能,行为人的主观因素经过专业评估后具有单向从轻处罚的量刑功能。After entering the new century,China's criminal legislation has turned,actor criminal law is gradually paid attention to.The personal danger of the perpetrator has been included in the criminal law.A large number of judicial interpretations regard recidivism,re-offense,repeated offense and other circumstances reflecting personal danger as the establishment standard of the crime.The incrimination standard of criminal law has gradually changed from"unitary mode"to"dual mode".Due to the lack of scientific theoretical guidance,judges have a vague understanding of personal danger,social harm and boundary of subjective malignant in criminal judgment,resulting in too much arbitrariness in the application of personal danger.We should analyze the function of crime and punishment of personal danger in the existing theoretical system of criminal law,and explain the theoretical basis of the function of crime and punishment of personal danger from the basis of criminal responsibility and the theory of crime composition.In the field of conviction,the scope of application of personal danger as the standard of crime should be strictly limited,so as to improve the threshold for the perpetrator to upgrade the repeated illegal act into a crime.In the field of sentencing,the objective factors externalized into concrete behavior have the function of bidirectional sentencing,and the subjective factors of the perpetrator have the function of one-way sentencing with lighter punishment after professional evaluation.

关 键 词：人身危险性 社会危害性 罪量 主观恶性 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]