印度国家共同体建设理念的历史演变及当代挑战  

The Historical Evolution and Contemporary Challenges of the Concepts of the Indian National Community Building

作　　者：和红梅[1] 周少青[2,3,4,5] He Hongmei;Zhou Shaoqing

机构地区：[1]云南省社会科学院南亚研究所,昆明市650034 [2]中国社会科学院大学 [3]中国社会院科学民族学与人类学研究所 [4]中国世界民族学会 [5]中国社会科学院铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,北京市102488

出　　处：《民族研究》2023年第3期30-43,M0003,共15页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“南亚宗教民族主义发展新态势及其影响研究”(项目编号:22BMZ143);国家社科基金重大招标项目“21世纪民族主义的发展及其对未来世界政治走向的影响研究”(项目编号:19ZDA132)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：国家共同体的建设是世界各国在现代民族国家建构与整合过程中所面临的一项重大任务。作为一个脱胎于殖民地的新兴民族国家,印度的国家共同体建设理念大致经历了四次蓝图设定及转换:19世纪末期到20世纪初期,印度本土的两大主要群体印度教徒和穆斯林群体产生了建设“共同的印度斯坦”的最初冲动;20世纪初至印巴分治时期,教派分歧使得两个群体的政治精英在建国理念和目标上渐行渐远,并最终导致印巴分治;印度独立到2014年印人党全面执政期间,基于惨痛的历史教训和最大限度团结不同群体的实用主义理念,同时受西方“自由民主”国家观念的深刻影响,“公民国家共同体”成为印度的主要建国理念;印人党全面执政以来,“印度教国家共同体”理念的确立和深入实践,标志着印度国家共同体建构理念及实践进入了一个新的历史时期。“印度教国家共同体”理念在团结、凝聚广大印度教民众方面起到巨大作用,但同时也面临着严峻的内外挑战。National community building is an important task faced by all countries in the modern nation-state construction and integration.As an emerging nation-state out of colonies,the concepts of the Indian national community building,has roughly undergone four blueprints and transformations.From the late 19th to the early 20th centuries,the initial impulse to build a“common Hindustan”came from India's two main ethnic groups,Hindus and Muslims.From the early 20th century to the partition of India and Pakistan,sectarian differences caused the political elites of the two groups to gradually distance from each other in the concept and goal of nation-state building,which eventually led to the partition of India and Pakistan.From independence to 2014when the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)came to full power,“citizen national community”became the main concept of the Indian national community building,based on the painful historical lessons and the pragmatic values of uniting different ethnic groups to the maximum extent,deeply influenced by the western value of“freedom and democracy”in the meanwhile.Since the BJP came to power in an all-round way,the establishment and in-depth practice of the concept “Hindu national community”marked that the concept and practice of Indian national community building had entered a new historical era.The concept of“Hindu national community”plays a great role in uniting and bringing together the vast Hindu people,but it also faces severe internal and external challenges.

关 键 词：国家共同体理念 公民国家共同体 印度教国家共同体 历史演变 当代挑战 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]