冲击与回应:政治极化背景下美国犹太社团的转向  

Impact and Response:the Political Transformation of American Jewish Community under Political Polarization

作　　者：汪舒明[1,2] Wang Shuming

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院国际问题研究所 [2]上海社会科学院上海犹太研究中心

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2023年第4期44-67,157,共25页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国犹太教‘极化’趋势对美国外交和中美关系的影响”(19BZJ041)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：极化是当前美国政治的显著特征之一,宗教文化领域的深刻分歧和左、右民粹主义的兴起是美国政党政治极化的重要驱动力。严重极化的政党政治导致美国“民主衰退”,破坏了美国犹太社团赖以实现繁荣和安全的整体社会环境,沉寂已久的恶性反犹主义重新抬头,支持以色列的两党共识松动。在政治极化加剧的情形下,反对反犹主义和支持以色列这两项议题则具有“党争”含义,也不再能轻易兼容调谐。与此同时,犹太教非正统派群体和正统派群体之间的极化趋向也更加明显,包括新保守派在内的非正统派群体对民主党的认同和支持进一步加强,而正统派群体则加速向共和党保守势力偏移。两者在塑造美国社会政治、应对反犹主义、支持以色列等重要议题上的分歧加剧。美国犹太社团的非对称极化态势已经形成。Polarization is one of the salient features of current American Politics.The profound differences in religious and cultural fields and the rise of left and right populism are important driving forces for the“polarization”of American party politics.The serious polarization of party politics has led to the“democratic decline”in the United States,which has destroyed the overall social environment on which American Jewish communities depend to achieve prosperity and security.As a result,the long-sleeping vicious anti-Semitism has resurfaced.The bipartisan consensus in support of Israel has wavered.With the increasing polarization,the two issues,opposing anti-Semitism and supporting Israel,are full of“party struggle”and can no longer be easily compatible and tuned.With the polarization of American party politics intensified,the polarization between the unorthodox and orthodox groups in Judaism became more obvious.Unorthodox groups,including neo-conservatives,have further strengthened their recognition and support for the Democratic Party,while orthodox groups have accelerated their deviation to the conservative forces of the Republican Party.Their differences between the two have intensified on important issues such as shaping American social politics,addressing anti-Semitism,and supporting Israel.The asymmetric“polarization”of American Jewish community has taken shape.

关 键 词：美国犹太社团 美国政党政治 政治极化 “文化战争” 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]