风沙区采煤沉陷裂缝对不同坡位土壤养分的影响  

Effect of Coal Mining Subsidence Cracks on Soil Nutrients at Different Slope Positions in Windy Desert Area

作　　者：高琴 党晓宏 蒙仲举 高永 高岩 刘泓鑫 GAO Qin;DANG Xiaohong;MENG Zhongju;GAO Yong;GAO Yan;LIU Hongxin(College of Desert Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Inner Mongolia Hangjin Dsert Ecological Position Rsearch Station,Ordos 017400,China;Yijinhuoluo Banner Water Conservancy Technology Service Center,Ordos 017200,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古杭锦荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017400 [3]伊金霍洛旗水利技术服务中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第9期223-230,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(编号:2022EEDSKJZDZX020-2);“十四五”国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(编号:SQ2022YFC3200066-03)。

摘　　要：为探究风积沙区采煤沉陷裂缝在不同坡位下土壤养分的变化特征,以鄂尔多斯李家塔煤矿采煤沉陷坡地为研究对象,分析了采煤沉陷坡地不同坡位裂缝带和非裂缝带土壤养分指标的纵向变化规律。结果表明:采煤沉陷坡地各土壤指标均从坡顶至坡底不断增加,坡顶土壤含水率维持在10.61%,裂缝带较非裂缝带土壤有机质减少了28.61%;坡中和坡底裂缝带的土壤含水率、土壤有机质较非裂缝带分别减少了7.32%、102.59%和21.76%、149.06%;各坡位裂缝带土壤速效养分较非裂缝带增加了0.03%~14.00%。研究表明:煤炭开采引起的采煤沉陷裂缝对土壤养分造成了不同程度的影响,随着坡度下降,沉陷裂缝对土壤养分的影响逐渐增大;沉陷裂缝加快了土壤水分的蒸散量和土壤有机质的分解速度,使土壤速效养分多富集于裂缝表层土壤,为采煤沉陷地土壤改良、实现矿区生态修复奠定了理论和实践基础。In order to explore the variation characteristics of soil nutrients in different slope positions of coal mining sub-sidence cracks in aeolian sand area,taking the coal mining subsidence slope of Lijiata Coal Mine in Ordos as the research ob-ject,the longitudinal variation law of soil nutrient indexes in different slope positions of coal mining subsidence slope and non-fracture zone was analyzed.The results showed that the soil indexes of coal mining subsidence slope increased from the top to the bottom of the slope,the soil water content at the top of the slope was maintained at 10.61%,and the soil organic matter in the fracture zone was 28.61%lower than that in the non-fracture zone.Compared with the non-fractured zone,the soil moisture content and soil organic matter in the fracture zone at the middle and bottom of the slope decreased by 7.32%,102.59%and 21.76%,149.06%,respectively.The soil available nutrients in the fracture zone increased by 0.03%~14.00%compared with the non-fracture zone.The study results indicated that:the coal mining subsidence cracks caused by coal mining have different degrees of influence on soil nutrients.With the decrease of slope,the influence of subsidence cracks on soil nutrients gradually increases.The subsidence cracks accelerate the evapotranspiration of soil moisture and the decomposition rate of soil organic matter,so that the soil available nutrients are enriched in the surface soil of the cracks,which lays a theoretical and practical foundation for the soil improvement of coal mining subsidence and the ecological restoration of mining areas.

关 键 词：风沙区 采煤沉陷区 沉陷裂缝 土壤养分 矿区生态修复 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]