微波强化电解溶出电路板金属及机理研究  

Microwave-enhanced Electrolytic Dissolution of Circuit Board Metals and Mechanism Study

作　　者：刘尊章 覃雯婕 曾智 赵健 何春林 藤田豊久 LIU Zunzhang;QIN Wenjie;ZENG Zhi;ZHAO Jian;HE Chunlin;FUJITA Toyohisa(College of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;State Key Laboratory of Whole-life Safety of Specialty Metallic Materials and Combined Structures Jointly Established by the Ministry and the Province,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [2]省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第9期254-262,共9页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52364022,51804084)。

摘　　要：针对废旧印刷电路板(WPCBs)中金属浸出时间长、浸出率低的问题,利用微波的高穿透性、可选择性加热、热惯性小和非电离性等特点,将微波和电化学相结合,利用微波强化氯气浸出WPCBs中的金属。结果表明:在微波功率500 W、电解浸出时间100 min的条件下,以泡沫为承载介质时WPCBs样品的质量损失率为63.49%,Cu的浸出率为83.50%;微波功率及电解时间的增加均有利于提高铜的浸出率。以量热法、升温法、介电常数等测试方法揭示纯金属粉末及WPCBs物料的微波损耗特性及微波强化浸出机理,测试结果表明:WPCBs中的金属在微波场中通过磁损耗被加热,WPCBs中金属吸收微波能量后其温度高于溶液温度,金属表面具有高能高温,容易与溶解的浸出剂和Cl2反应溶出,金属表面短暂高温与溶液形成明显的温度差,对溶液形成热扰动,促进溶液中浸出试剂迁移,促进反应的进行,最终起到微波强化浸出效果,在较短的电解时间和较低的酸性浓度下,提高了金属的浸出率。研究结果为WPCBs金属资源回收提供一种新的微波电化学浸出回收途径。Aiming at the problems of long leaching time and low leaching rate of metal from waste printed circuit boards(WPCBs),due to advantages of microwave heating,such as high penetrability,selective heating,small thermal inertia and non-ionization,microwave-enhanced chlorine was utilized to leach metals from WPCBs combining microwave and electrochemistry.The results showed that:under the conditions of microwave power of 500 W and electrolysis leahing time of 100 min,the mass loss rate of WPCBs samples was 63.49%,and the leaching rate of Cu was 83.50%when plastic foam was used as the carrier medium.The increases of microwave power and electrolysis time were beneficial to the improvement of the leaching rate of Cu.Calorimetry,heating method,dielectric constant and other testing methods were used to reveal the microwave heating mecha-nism of pure metal powder and WPCBs materials,and microwave-enhanced leaching mechanism.The test results show that the metal of WPCBs being heated in the microwave field consumed the magnetic field.The metal in the WPCBs after absorbing the microwave energy and its temperature is higher than the temperature of the solution.The metal surface has a high energy and high temperature,and easy to react with the dissolved leaching agent and Cl2 which dissolved in solution.The temperature be-tween metal surface and the solution are difference,therefore,the formation of thermal perturbation of the solution to promote the migration of leaching reagents in the solution occured to promote the reaction,and ultimately to enhanced leaching and im-prove leaching rate of metal in a shorter time and lower acid concentration.The results of the study provide a new microwave electrochemical leaching recovery pathway for WPCBs metal resource recovery.

关 键 词：微波 废旧印刷电路板 电解氯 强化浸出 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]