未届期股权转让受让方出资责任规则之构造与缺漏填补——《公司法(修订草案)》第89条第1款释评  

Construction and Filling of Gaps in the Capital Contribution Liability Rule by the Transferee ofan Unexpired Equity Transfer

作　　者：薛波 XUE Bo

机构地区：[1]深圳大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2023年第5期122-134,共13页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“团体法思维在商事立法中的运用研究”(项目编号:20BFX123);国家社会科学基金青年项目“公司减资对债权人通知义务研究”(项目编号:19CFX049)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《公司法(修订草案)》第89条第1款规定:“股东转让已认缴出资但未届缴资期限的股权的,由受让人承担缴纳该出资的义务。”该款可以分解为五层意思:一是未届期股权可以转让;二是待转股权附有未届期出资义务;三是原则保护转让方的出资期限利益;四是转让后的出资义务由受让方承担;五是未届期股权转让非瑕疵股权转让。未届期股权转让流程需结合《公司法(修订草案)》第87条解读,股东转让股权时对公司负有通知义务。《公司法(修订草案)》第89条第1款存在五点缺漏:一是忽视未届期出资义务约定情形;二是规范用语模糊不清;三是未区分股权全部和部分转让;四是忽视恶意串通等特殊情形下的股权转让;五是未明确发起人转让股权可否免责。针对这些缺漏,可以从五个方面予以完善:一是尊重当事人对未届期出资义务之约定;二是将转让通知作为股权权属变动的时间点;三是未届期股权转让应重视公司意思介入但需注意其边界;四是特殊情形下转让股权可引致其他规范适用;五是对发起人转让未届期股权应予以特殊规制。Article 89(1)of the Company Law(Draft Amendment)stipulates:"Where the shareholder transfers the equity which has subscribed for the capital contribution but has not settled the capital contribution period,the assignee shall assume the obligation to pay the capital contribution."This paragraph can be divided into five levels of meaning:first,the non-term equity can be transferred;Second,the equity to be transferred is accompanied by an unexpired period of investment obligations;Third,the principle of protecting the transferor's investment term interests;Fourth,the investment obligation after the transfer shall be borne by the transferee;Fifth,non-term equity transfer non-defective equity transfer.The unexpired equity transfer process shall be interpreted in accordance with Article 87 of the draft.Shareholders shall have the obligation to notify the company when transferring equity.Article 89(1)of the Draft Amendment has five deficiencies:first,it ignores the situation of the non-expired investment obligation;Second,the standard language is ambiguous;Third,there is no distinction between all and part of the equity transfer;Fourth,ignoring the transfer of equity under special circumstances such as malicious collusion;Fifth,it is not clear whether the promoter can transfer the equity exemption.In view of these deficiencies,it can be considered from five aspects to improve:first,respect the parties'agreement on the unexpired investment obligation;Second,the transfer notice as the time point of ownership change;Third,the non-term equity transfer should pay attention to the company's intention to intervene but pay attention to its boundary;Fourth,the transfer of equity under special circumstances may lead to the application of other norms;Fifth,there should be special regulation on the promoter's transfer of unexpired equity.

关 键 词：未届期 股权转让 出资义务 受让方责任 通知义务 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]