菌根食用菌培育研究进展  

Research Progress in Edible Mycorrhizal Fungi Cultivation

作　　者：吴久春 孙学广 冯万艳 Wu Jiuchun;Sun Xueguang;Feng Wanyan(Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心/林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2023年第4期42-46,共5页World Forestry Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“玫红铆钉菇、粘盖乳牛肝菌和马尾松的互作关系研究”(31971572,31500090);贵州省科学技术基金“氮、磷添加对马尾松人工林凋落物分解的影响及其机制研究”(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]-一般101);贵州大学培育项目“马尾松和粘盖乳牛肝菌预共生阶段互作机制研究”([2020]47)。

摘　　要：菌根食用菌(EMF)是一类可以食用和药用的大型真菌,兼具生态价值和经济价值的非木质林产品类群。作为林木的共生真菌,EMF必须与宿主根系建立共生关系后才能完成生活史,因而无法像腐生菌一样实现人工栽培。近年来,不少研究者在EMF的生理生化、共生机制、生态价值、经济价值、原始林管理和保护、种植园建立和经营管理等方面取得了重要进展,但有关EMF的栽培还在持续探索中。文中通过分析EMF子实体生长发育过程中的影响因素,综述EMF驯化与栽培的最新研究进展,围绕现有森林自然产出的EMF人工保育促繁、基于EMF菌根苗营建人工种植园的半人工栽培的研究现状,以及EMF培育中存在的问题进行剖析,并给出相应对策,以期为EMF的培育促繁提供理论依据。Edible mycorrhizal fungi(EMF)is a kind of large fungus,which has ecological and economic value and also a non-wood forest product with both edible and medicinal functions.As a symbiotic fungi of forest trees,EMF cannot complete its life cycle without a symbiotic relationship with the host root system,and therefore cannot be cultivated as saprophytic fungi.In recent years,many researchers have made important progress in physiology and biochemistry,symbiosis mechanism,ecological benefits,economic values,primary forest management and protection,and plantation establishment and management,but the EMF cultivation is still being explored.In this paper,the latest progress in the domestication and cultivation of EMF is reviewed by analyzing the factors affecting the growth and development of EMF seedlings.The corresponding countermeasures are provided with the focus on the artificial conservation and propagation of EMF that are from forests,the research on the semi-artificial cultivation of EMF based on the plantations established with EMF mycorrhizal seedlings,and the problems found in the EMF cultivation.It is expected to provide theoretic references for the cultivation and propagation of EMF.

关 键 词：菌根食用菌 子实体培育 菌根合成 种植园 

分 类 号：S759.81[农业科学—森林经理学]