基于碳氮稳定同位素的太湖鱼类营养生态位研究  

Trophic Niche Analysis of Fish in Taihu Lake Using Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen

作　　者：刘素群 申明华 刘学勤[1] LIU Su-qun;SHEN Ming-hua;LIU Xue-qin(Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第5期76-83,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407200)。

摘　　要：为探究太湖鱼类的营养生态位特征,2019-2020年开展了鱼类碳氮稳定同位素调查,运用贝叶斯稳定同位素椭圆模型解析了鱼类的营养生态位大小及生态位重叠,运用双基线法分析了鱼类的营养级。结果显示,鱼类δ^(13)C值为-27.67‰~-17.92‰,δ^(15)N值为6.02‰~20.31‰。营养生态位大小(SEAc值)为0.14‰^(2)~20.43‰^(2),其中黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)的生态位最大,光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)的生态位最小。刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、陈氏短吻银鱼(Salangichthys tangkahkeii)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)的SEAc值均较小,表明其可利用的食物源和生境范围较窄,鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)的SEAc值较大,表明其可利用的食物源和生境范围较广。鱼类的营养生态位重叠度为0~70.6%。大银鱼(Protosalanxhyalocranius)与翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)的生态位重叠度最大(70.6%),其次为中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)与翘嘴鲌(39.9%),其余物种间的生态位重叠度为0~38.9%。刀鲚与其他肉食性鱼类的生态位重叠度较小,表明二者间的食物资源竞争较弱。陈氏短吻银鱼与鲢、鳙在生态位上存在明显的分离,这与陈氏短吻银鱼专食浮游动物有关。鱼类营养级为0.73~3.62,鮠(Leiocassis sp.)的营养级最高,泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)的营养级最低。研究表明,鱼类营养生态位大小与其摄食的食物种类以及对不同生境的利用程度有关,大部分鱼类之间的生态位重叠度较低,说明其在资源利用上存在较大分离。研究结果可为太湖鱼类食物网分析及渔业资源管理提供基础数据。In this study,we analyzed trophic niches across the fish community in the Taihu Lake using stable isotope signatures of carbon(δ^(13)C)and nitrogen(δ^(15)N)in fish species collected from the Taihu Lake in October-November of 2019 and September-November of 2020.Trophic niche size and niche overlap of different fish species were analyzed using SIBER(Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R)and the trophic position of fish was analyzed using double stable isotopic baselines.A total of 37 fish species were collected during the surveys,and the δ^(13)C values ranged from-27.67‰to-17.92‰,and δ^(15)N values ranged from 6.02‰to 20.31‰.Fish trophic niche sizes,quantified as the corrected standard ellipse area(SEAc),ranged from 0.14‰^(2) to 20.43‰^(2),with the largest niche size(20.43‰2)found in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the smallest niche size(0.14‰2)in Pelteobagrus nitidus.The SEAc of Coilia nasus,Salangichthys tangkahkeii and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were small,indicating a narrow range of food sources and habitats,while the result of Aristichthys nobilis was the opposite.Niche overlaps among fish species varied from 0 to 70.6%.The largest overlap(70.6%)was between Protosalanx hyalocranius and Culter alburnus,followed by Lateolabrax maculatus and C.alburnus(39.9%),with niche overlaps among other fish species varying from 0 to 38.9%.Niche overlaps between C.nasus and other carnivorous fishes were low,indicating that competition for food resources was low.The trophic niche of S.tangkahkeii was clearly separated from H.molitrix and A.nobilis because S.tangkahkeii feeds exclusively on zooplankton.The trophic position of the fish community in the Taihu Lake ranged from 0.73 to 3.62,with Leiocassis sp.occupying the highest trophic level and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus the lowest.This study shows that the trophic niche size of different fish species is related to the type of food consumed and the habitat occupied.The niche overlaps among fish species were generally low in the Taihu Lake,indicating large sep

关 键 词：稳定同位素 营养生态位 生态位重叠 营养级 太湖鱼类 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]