基于微卫星标记的中华鲟亲子关系判别及案例分析  

Parentage Identification and Case Analysis of Chinese Sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)Populations Based on Microsatellite Markers

作　　者：赵娜[1] 常剑波 陶江平[1] 孙行 ZHAO Na;CHANG Jian-bo;TAO Jiang-ping;SUN Hang(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第5期92-99,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB150701)。

摘　　要：利用野外和人工繁殖中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)均有的产卵洄游入海特性,通过在长江口水域捕获滞留的中华鲟幼鱼并区分人工繁殖放流个体和野外个体,可以评估其人工繁殖放流个体占比情况。基于孟德尔遗传模式,在应用前期开发中华鲟特异性四倍体微卫星标记的基础上,构建了基于四倍体微卫星位点遗传模式的亲子鉴定方法,并用全同胞家系、半同胞家系和非亲缘关系群体样本验证方法的有效性,将此方法用于1999年度中华鲟人工繁殖效果评估案例中,计算人工繁殖个体在长江口中华鲟幼鲟群体中的比例。结果显示,3个全同胞家系个体间的平均遗传距离分别为0.43、0.44和0.44,半同胞家系的遗传距离居中(0.57),长江口中华鲟幼鲟群体间的平均遗传距离为0.74。人工繁殖效果评估显示,在2000年度长江口幼鱼群体中,人工繁殖个体的比例较低(0~3.8%)。研究表明,当年度中华鲟补充群体主要来源于自然繁殖,需要继续加大对中华鲟野生群体的保护力度,增加人工繁殖群体的放流规模。Artificially propagated juvenile Chinese sturgeons have the same migration pattern of arriving at the estuary of the Yangtze River.This provides a way to evaluate the effect of artificial breeding and release of Chinese sturgeon by distinguishing between artificially bred and wild individuals collected in the estuary of Yangtze River.Based on Mendelian inheritance and previously developed tetraploid microsatellite markers for Chinese sturgeon,a paternity test method using a tetraploid microsatellite locus inheritance model was constructed and verified with specimens of full-sibling families,half-sibling families and unrelated populations.This method was then applied to determine the percentage of released artificial individuals among the wild Chinese sturgeons in 90 samples collected in the Yangtze River estuary from May to July of 2000.The results were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the artificial bred Chinese sturgeon released on December 28,1999.The average genetic distance of the three full-sib families calculated by the paternity testing was 0.43,0.44 and 0.44.The genetic distance of the half-sib family was 0.57.The distance among the juveniles collected in the estuary was 0.74 and the proportion of artificially propagated individuals among juveniles collected in 2000 was in the range of 0-3.8%.Most of the juveniles in the estuary were therefore from natural reproduction.It is necessary to continue to strengthen the protection of the wild population of Chinese sturgeon and increase the scale of the release of artificial breeding population.

关 键 词：中华鲟 亲子鉴定 人工繁殖 自然群体 微卫星DNA 

分 类 号：Q503[生物学—生物化学]