中国部分地表水体中5种全氟化合物的暴露特征与生态风险  

Exposure and Ecological Risk of Five PFCs in Some Surface Waters of China

作　　者：黄洁慧 郭文景 于晓宁 李冰 王向华 HUANG Jie-hui;GUO Wen-jing;YU Xiao-ning;LI Bing;WANG Xiang-hua(Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp,Nanjing 210019,P.R.China;Jiangsu Institute of Wastewater Harmless Treatment and Resourceful Recycling Technology,Nanjing 210019,P.R.China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江苏环保产业技术研究院股份公司,江苏南京210019 [2]江苏省废水无害化处理与资源化再生利用工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210019 [3]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第5期133-141,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07208-005);江苏省人力资源和社会保障厅“六大人才高峰”高层次人才选拔培养资助项目(JNHB-134)。

摘　　要：评估地表水体中全氟化合物(PFCs)对水生生物的潜在生态风险水平,为我国当前部分水系地表水体中PFCs的污染现状与风险管理提供科学依据。系统总结和分析中国部分地表水体中PFCs的暴露特征,并基于可利用的慢性毒性数据,采用概率生态风险评估法中的安全阈值法(MOS_(10))评价水体中5种PFCs(PFOA、PFNA、PFDA、PFDoA和PFOS)对水生生物的生态风险以及PFCs混合物对水生生物的联合生态风险。结果表明:在5种PFCs中,PFOA的浓度范围最大,为ND~772 ng/L,其暴露浓度累积概率分布曲线上50%、75%和95%对应的暴露浓度分别为6.99、26.01和188.80 ng/L,远高于累积概率对应暴露浓度为第二的PFOS;生态风险结果表明PFOA、PFNA、PFDA、PFDoA和PFOS的MOS_(10)均小于1,且暴露浓度超过影响5%水生生物的概率分别为0、3.31%、0、1.00%和0,说明5种PFCs对水生生物的生态风险较小;此外,利用总等效浓度概念推导PFCs混合物的联合生态风险时,计算得出的MOS_(10)也小于1,且总等效暴露浓度超过影响5%水生生物的概率为5.42%,说明目前PFCs的地表水暴露对水生生物的生态风险属于可接受水平。In this study,we analyzed the exposure primary characteristics of five perfluorinated compounds(PFCs:PFOA,PFNA,PFDA,PFDoA and PFOS)in the surface waters of China by collecting exposure data and reviewing chronic toxicity data for the five PFCs.The safety threshold method(MOS_(10))of the probabilistic ecological risk assessment method was then employed to evaluate the ecological risk of each PFC as well as their combined ecological risk.Our aim was to assess the potential ecological risk of PFCs in surface waters in China and provide a scientific basis for assessing and managing the risk of PFCs.Concentrations of the five PFCs in surface waters of 30 regions in China were obtained,and the respective concentration ranges for PFOA,PFNA,PFDA,PFDoA and PFOS were ND-772 ng/L,ND-73.6 ng/L,ND-94.9 ng/L,ND-33.3 ng/L and ND-286 ng/L.Among the five PFCs,the concentration range of PFOA was widest,and concentrations at the percentiles of 50,75 and 95 were,respectively,6.99,26.01 and 188.80 ng/L,much higher than those for PFOS(1.33,4.98 and 24.27 ng/L).Ecological risk assessment gave MOS_(10) values for all five PFCs of less than 1,and the probabilities of exposure concentrations of PFOA,PFNA,PFDA,PFDoA or PFOS exceeding 5th percentile chronic toxicity levels for aquatic organisms were,respectively,0,3.31%,0,1.00%and 0.From this it can be concluded that the ecological risk to aquatic organisms from the five individual PFCs is negligible.Further,the combined ecological risk of the five PFCs was evaluated,based on the total equivalent concentration,and the MOS_(10) value of the combined PFCs was also less than 1.The probability of the total equivalent concentration exceeding the 5th percentile toxicity value for aquatic organisms is 5.42%,suggesting an acceptable ecological risk level for exposure to PFCs in Chinese surface water.

关 键 词：地表水体 PFCS 风险评估 安全阈值 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]