国民政府对日战犯审判的属性问题再检讨  

A Restudy on the Trial of Japanese War Criminals by the Nationalist Government

作　　者：曹鲁晓 赵玉蕙[2] Cao Luxiao;Zhao Yuhui

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学法学院 [2]上海交通大学东京审判研究中心

出　　处：《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》2023年第3期116-124,143,144,共11页Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre

基　　金：国家社科基金抗日战争研究专项工程“日本战犯审判文献征集、整理与数据库建设”(16KZD012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以往学界将盟国在亚太地区所组织的对日战犯审判划分为两类——A级审判与BC级审判,认为A级审判即以A类罪名为审理对象的审判,BC级审判即以BC类罪名为审理对象的审判,国民政府所组织的10场审判应也当属于BC级审判。然而,回到历史现场,“BC级审判”之称实际不符合国民政府审判的实质。从管辖权的规定看,国民政府审判起初自成一派,不以类别区分所辖罪行,后来模仿东京审判,将ABC三类罪名全部纳入管辖权。这与BC级审判管辖BC类罪名的特质不符。从各地审判的实践看,国民政府军事法庭主要审理B类罪行,其次是A类罪行,而不曾审理C类罪行。揆诸实情后,可知国民政府审判不能被认为是BC级审判。“BC级审判”之称反映了后人对各国审判的复杂面相认知不清。相关含义和属性应再加检讨、申明。The academic community used to divide the trials of the Japanese war criminals by the allied countries in the Asia Pacific region into two categories-Class Atrials and Class BC trials.It was believed that Class A trials were trials with Class A charges,and Class BC trials were trials with Class BCcharges.The 10 trials organized by the Nationalist Government shall also be categorized as Class BC trials.However,under the historical background,the term"Class BC trial"did not actually conform to the essence of the trial by the Nationalist Government.From the perspective of jurisdictional provisions,the Nationalist Government originally formed its own faction in terms of the trial,without distinguishing the crimes under its jurisdiction by categories.Later,it followed the Tokyo Trial and incorporated Class ABC crimes into its jurisdiction.This was not in line with the characteristics of Class BC trial jurisdiction over charges of Class BC crimes.Based on practices of trials in various regions,the military courts of the Nationalist Government mainly deal with Class B Crimes,followed by Class A crimes,and had never tried Class C crimes.It could be seen that the trails by the Nationalist Government could not be considered as Class BCtrial.The term of"Class BC trial"reflects the misunderstanding of the complex aspects of trials in various countries by later generations.The relevant meanings and attributes should be further restudied and clarified.

关 键 词：国民政府对日战犯审判 BC级审判 反和平罪 《战争罪犯审判条例》 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] D693[历史地理—中国史] E296[政治法律—政治学]