绿洲影响下的新疆哈密地区长城军事防御体系  

Military Defense System of the Great Wall in Hami Region of Xinjiang Under the Influence of Oasis

作　　者：常笛 李严[1,2] 孔祥铮 CHANG Di;LI Yan;KONG Xiangzheng(School of Architecture,Tianjin University;Key Laboratory of Information Technology for Architectural Cultural Heritage Inheritance,Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Tianjin University;School of Architecture and Art Design,Hebei University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]天津大学建筑文化遗产传承信息技术文化和旅游部重点实验室 [3]河北工业大学建筑与艺术设计学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2023年第10期74-82,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：河北省社科基金项目“明代驿递交通系统空间分布研究——以河北地区为例”(编号HB19YS036)。

摘　　要：【目的】哈密地区是新疆维吾尔自治区东北部的主要绿洲分布区,也是新疆现存长城军事建筑遗产最多的地区。该区现有研究集中于考古、历史、地理、社科等领域,尚未有长城军事遗产与自然景观关系的专题研究。为厘清绿洲资源对长城军事防御体系构成和军事建筑建造的影响,从环境角度展开长城研究。【方法】实地踏勘并结合已有考古调查、古籍文献、ArcGIS软件,绘制各类绿洲调节范围内长城遗产分布图,模拟军事建筑与绿洲环境的关系。【结果】该区绿洲根据成因、形态和分布特点可分为3类。区域内的长城军事建筑择绿洲而筑、就地取材,形成了由点状泉水调节的山体防御线、由面状湖水调节的水体防御线和由带状河流调节的平原防御线,有军事防御和交通保障两大重要作用。总结出了该地区宏观军事防御体系和微观建筑建造的新类型。【结论】绿洲资源是干旱地区长城军事建筑修筑的重要驱动力和影响因子,绿洲的形态、空间分布特点及其地理差异性,影响了宏观的长城防御模式和微观的长城单体建造,为今后长城军事体系和建筑研究提供新思路。[Objective]Hami region is a significant oasis distribution area in north-eastern Xinjiang,and is home to most of the extant military architectural heritage of the Great Wall in Xinjiang.The combination of valuable oasis resources and strategic military location makes Hami region a major transportation route extending from the inland area to the Western Regions,an important town along the northern Silk Road,and a key military defense area concerned by emperors of all generations.The purpose of this research is two fold.Firstly,the research aims to investigate whether the oasis resources in the region have any influence on the composition of the military defense system of the Great Wall and the construction of individual buildings,and the specific manifestations of such influence.Secondly,in previous researches,the military defense system of the Great Wall is typically classified into such categories as the beacon signaling system and the postal delivery system,while this research attempts to investigate the natural environment as an entry point to establish a new classification model connecting oasis and the military defense system.[Methods]Firstly,a fundamental study is conducted on the natural geographical features of the Hami region.Considering the variations in geographic position,elevation,climate traits,precipitation distribution,vegetation cover,and other natural factors,the region can be classed into three geographic zones:the Hami Basin,the Barkun Basin,and the Santang Lake Basin.Subsequently,each distinct natural feature within the different zones is meticulously analyzed,relevant data retrieved,and emphasis is placed on the analysis of the distribution,reasons for formation,and morphology of oasis in the region.Secondly,a field survey of the natural environment and architectural heritage of the Hami region is carried out to collect information and photographs.This information is then used to create a distribution map of military architectural heritage of the Great Wall in the region.These heritages are

关 键 词：绿洲景观 长城军事遗产 军事防御 长城选址 军事建筑 丝绸之路 新疆 哈密地区 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]