慢性冷热应激对繁殖母牛血清指标的影响  

Effect of chronic cold and heat stress on serum indexes of reproductive cattle

作　　者：施安 王建东 侯鹏霞 陈志龙 孙文阳 梁小军 王瑞刚 姜武 SHI An;WANG Jiandong;HOU Pengxia;CHEN Zhilong;SUN Wenyang;LIANG Xiaojun;WANG Ruigang;JIANG Wu(Institute of Animal Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China;Guyuan Academy,Science,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan,Ningxia 756099,China;Ningxia Benwang Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd,Yongning,Ningxia 750100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756099 [3]宁夏犇旺生态农业有限公司,宁夏永宁750100

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第19期23-28,共6页China Feed

基　　金：农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题-肉牛高效繁殖技术研究(NGSB-2021-12-03);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系专项(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究慢性冷热应激对繁殖母牛血清生化指标、免疫指标、抗氧化性和内分泌激素的影响,评估可早期监测繁殖母牛冷热应激反应指示物。试验选取体重和胎次相近的繁殖母牛10头,分为对照组、冷应激组和热应激组,分别在秋季、冬季和夏季3个阶段进行,各试验期采集血样测定免疫生化等指标,温湿仪测定养殖场全年的环境温度和相对湿度,计算温湿指数(THI)。结果表明:全年THI监测显示夏季六、七、八月份属于轻度热应激;冬季一、二月份属于轻度冷应激,其余月份处于舒适区。血清指标测定分析发现总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、尿素氮(BUN)、葡萄糖(GLU)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、雌二醇(E2)均呈现冷应激组>对照组>热应激组的规律,除GLB和GLU外,其余指标均差异极显著或显著(P<0.01;P<0.05)。MDA和IL-2冷应激组极显著最低(P<0.01),甘油三酯(TG)和孕酮(P)冷应激组和对照组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。慢性冷热应激均能影响母牛的营养代谢和繁殖性能,而热应激对母牛的损伤较大,孕酮可作为判别繁殖母牛冷热应激反应的潜在指示物,用于早期监测母牛的应激程度。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of chronic cold and heat stress on serum biochemical indexes,immune indexes,antioxidant activity and endocrine hormones of breeding cattle,and to evaluate the early monitoring of cold and heat stress response indicator of breeding cattle.Ten breeding cattles with similar body weight and parity were selected in the experiment.The experiment was divided into three stages:autumn(control group),winter(cold stress group)and summer(heat stress group).Blood samples were collected during each test period to determine immune and biochemical indexes.The ambient temperature and relative humidity of the farm were measured by temperature and humidity meter,and the temperature and humidity index(THI)was calculated.The results were as follows:The annual THI monitoring showed that June,July and August were mild heat stress.In winter,January and February belong to mild cold stress,and the rest months were in the comfort zone.The analysis of serum indexes showed that total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),globulin(GLB),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),glucose(GLU),immunoglobulin A(IgA),immunoglobulin G(IgG),immunoglobulin M(IgM),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malonaldehyde(MDA),triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),interleukin-4(IL-4)and estradiol(E2)all showed the rule of cold stress group>control group>heat stress group.Except GLB and GLU,the other indexes were significantly different(P<0.01,P<0.05).MDA and IL-2 in cold stress group were significantly lowest(P<0.01),triglyceride(TG)and progesterone(P)in cold stress group and control group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Chronic cold and heat stress could affect the nutritional metabolism and reproductive performance of cattle,and heat stress had a greater damage to cattle.Progesterone could be used as a potential marker to distinguish the cold and heat stress response of breeding cattle,and to monitor the stress degree of cattle in the early stage.

关 键 词：繁殖母牛 冷热应激 血清指标 

分 类 号：S814[农业科学—畜牧学]