复方中草药和植物精油替代抗生素对肉仔兔生长性能、腹泻、死亡率及养分表观消化率的影响  

Effects of compound Chinese herbal and essential oil substitute for antibiotic on the growth performance,diarrhea,mortality and nutrient apparent digestibility of weaning meat rabbits

作　　者：邓卉[1,2,4] 郭升岚 余淼 黄明亚 余丹 吕继蓉[3] 郭春华 DENG Hui;GUO Shenglan;YU Miao;HUANG Mingya;YU Dan;LV Jirong;GUO Chunhua(Sichuan Animal Science Academy,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610066,China;College of Animal&Veterinary Sciences,Southwest University For Nationalities,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610041,China;Sichuan Engineering&Technology Center of Animal Feed Intake Control,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 611130,China;Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省畜牧科学研究院,四川成都610066 [2]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,四川成都610041 [3]四川省动物采食调控工程技术研究中心,四川成都611130 [4]动物遗传育种四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第19期70-75,共6页China Feed

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目“植物精油在畜禽无抗养殖中应用的关键技术研发及示范”(2021YFN0122);成都市创新研发项目“新型药食同源性诱食剂研究与开发”(2019-YF-05-01028-SN);四川省公益性科研院所基本科研项目(SASA202204)。

摘　　要：为研究复方中草药和植物精油替代抗生素对肉仔兔生长性能、腹泻、死亡率及养分表观消化率的影响,选择体重相近、健康、32日龄左右、体重(693.98±119.57)g肉仔兔48只,公母各半,随机分为4个处理,分别记为抗生素组(基础日粮添加30 mg/kg金霉素+200 mg/kg土霉素,阳性对照组)、精油1组(600 mg/kg复合植物精油1)、精油2组(600 mg/kg复合植物精油2)、中草药组(5000 mg/kg复方中草药),每处理6个重复,每重复2只兔。试验期28 d。结果表明:(1)试验全期(1~28 d)各组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)试验全期(1~28 d)各组腹泻指数、腹泻频率无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)试验前期(1~14 d)各组死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05),其中精油2组与抗生素的死亡率相同,均为8.33%;试验后期(15~28 d)抗生素组死亡率为16.67%,而精油1组和中草药组死亡率为0.00%;试验全期(1~28 d)各组死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05),其中精油1组与抗生素组的死亡率相同,中草药组较抗生素组降低了33.32%。(4)与抗生素组相比,中草药组的粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);各组总能(GE)、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)表观消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05),其中中草药组GE表观消化率较抗生素组提高了8.78%。本试验条件下,复方中草药和植物精油在影响肉仔兔生长性能、腹泻、死亡率和养分表观消化率方面均与抗生素效果相当,提示了两种绿色添加剂在饲料禁抗后维持和提高肉兔产业养殖效益上具有重要的应用价值。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound Chinese herbal and essential oil substituting for antibiotic on growth performance,diarrhea,mortality and nutrient apparent digestibility of weaning meat rabbits.Forty-eight healthy weaning meat rabbits aged about 32 days with a body weight of(693.98±119.57)g,half male and half female,were randomly divided into four groups,which were divided into antibiotic group(basal diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg chlortetracycline+200 mg/kg oxytetracycline,positive control group),essential oil group 1(600 mg/kg complex essential oil 1),essential oil group 2(600 mg/kg complex essential oil 2),and Chinese herbal group(5000 mg/kg compound Chinese herbal),with 6 replicates per treatment and 2 rabbits per replicate.The experiment lasted for 28 days.The results showed as follows:(1)There were no significant differences in average daily feed intake(ADFI),average daily gain(ADG)and feed/gain(F/G)among all groups during the whole trial period(1~28 d)(P>0.05).(2)There were no significant differences in diarrhea index and diarrhea frequency among all groups during the whole trial period(1~28 d)(P>0.05).(3)At the early stage(1~14 d),there was no significant difference in mortality among all groups(P>0.05),and the mortality of essential oil group 2 was the same as that of antibiotic group(8.33%).At the later stage(15~28 d),the mortality rate of antibiotic group was 16.67%,while that of essential oil group 1 and Chinese herbal group was 0.00%.During the whole period(1~28 d),there was no significant difference in mortality among all groups(P>0.05).The mortality of essential oil group 1 was the same as that of antibiotic group,and the mortality of Chinese herbal group was 33.32%lower than that of antibiotic group.(4)Compared with the antibiotic group,the nutrient apparent digestibility of ether extract(EE)in the Chinese herbal group was significantly increased(P<0.05);There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of gross energy(GE),dry matter(DM),

关 键 词：复方中草药 植物精油 兔 腹泻 死亡 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]