不同生育时期饲用谷子品质比较评价  

Evaluation and analysis nutrient quality at different growth stages of 9 forage millet cultivars

作　　者：郭江[1] 孙颖琦 姚旭航 钟鑫 瓮巧云[1] 赵治海 王小明 刘颖慧[1] 袁进成[1] GUO Jiang;SUN Yingqi;YAO Xuhang;ZHONG Xin;WENG Qiaoyun;ZHAO Zhihai;WANG Xiaoming;LIU Yinghui;YUAN Jincheng(Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province 075000,China;Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou,Hebei Province 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院,河北张家口075000 [2]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第19期113-120,共8页China Feed

基　　金：河北省杂交与优质谷子现代种业科技创新团队(21326302D)。

摘　　要：本试验对9个饲草专用谷子品种分别在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期进行营养成分测定,综合分析不同品种营养成分差异以及不同时期营养物质变化规律,以期为饲草谷子选育和应用提供参考。结果显示:所有饲草谷子粗蛋白质含量均超过10%,且在开花期达到最高,其中饲草谷子2号粗蛋白质在开花期最高,达到15.45%。本试验大多数饲草谷子中性洗涤纤维含量在60%左右,酸性洗涤纤维为41.5%~31.9%,纤维素含量随着生育期延长而增高。饲草谷子的饲喂价值为111.83~84.38,以开花期最高,大多数品种总可消化养分也在开花期最高,平均值61.21%。饲用谷子微量元素含量丰富,Ca含量为0.46%~0.78%,P含量为0.39%~0.19%,Mg含量为0.42%~0.21%,K含量为4.09%~1.93%。相关分析表明,相对饲喂价值和总可消化养分、碳水化合物、脂肪呈极显著正相关,与酸性洗涤纤维以及中性洗涤纤维呈极显著负相关。通过分级评定,本研究的9个饲草谷子品种都满足三级的所有标准,饲草谷2号和饲草谷10号部分指标满足二级标准。综合分析饲草谷子的含水量、主要营养物质以及相对饲喂价值等指标,饲草谷在灌浆期末期到成熟初期收获可以达到品质最佳,9个饲草谷品种以饲草谷2号、饲草谷10号和饲草谷21号品质最优。Millet had distinct agronomic characteristics in marginal lands,however,information was limited about the feed value,and nutrient of millet forage.Whole-plant nutrient content and quality of nine forage millet cultivars were studied at blooming stage,milking stage and mature stage.All cultivars crude protein contents were reached more than 10%,protein contents at bloom stage were significantly higher than at milking stage and mature stage,and the highest protein content was gained in Sicaogu10 Hao with 15.45%.In this study,the content of neutral detergent fiber in most forage millet was about 60%,the variation range of acid detergent fiber was 41.5%~31.9%,and the fiber content increased with the prolong of growth period.The highest related feeding value and the highest total digestible nutrient of most varieties all gained at blooming stage,the variation of related feeding value of forage millet cultivars was 111.83~84.38 and average value of total digestible nutrient was 61.21%.Forage millet were rich in mineral content,with Ca content ranging from 0.46%to 0.78%,P content ranging from 0.39%to 0.18%,Mg content ranging from 0.4%to 0.18%,and K content ranging from 4.09%to 1.93%.The results of correlation analysis showed that total digestible nutrients were positively correlated with relative feeding value,carbohydrate and crude fat,and negatively correlated with acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber.Through grading evaluation,all the forage millet varieties in this study met all the standard of grade 3,Sicaogu10 Hao and 2 Hao met the grade 2 standard in part.Comprehensive evaluation of water content,main nutrients and relative feeding value,harvested at the end of grain filling period to the beginning of ripening,forage could achieve the best quality.Among all forage varieties in this study,Sicaogu10 Hao,2 Hao and 21 Hao were the best when evaluated the nutritional quality.

关 键 词：饲用谷子 品质 生育时期 比较评价 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]