弗兰克-赫兹实验集电极电流微分测量分析  

Differential measurement and analysis of collector current in Frank-Hertz experiment

作　　者：李潮锐 LI Chaorui(School of Physics,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学物理学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《物理实验》2023年第9期8-15,34,共9页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.61975244);中山大学2022年度教学质量与教学改革工程项目(教务〔2022〕91号)。

摘　　要：弗兰克-赫兹实验物理内容丰富,其实验现象由事实展现并得到广泛关注,但缺乏从机制层面对实验现象进行分析.采用集电极电流微分测量方法,由微分电流的能量(电位)分布及其随加速电压的变化规律,解释了常规方法所观测到的普遍实验现象.通过观测能量分布峰形变化,分析了实验过程中单峰和双峰交替出现的物理本质,深入探讨常规方法的实验结果与能量分布规律的内在关联.集电极电流微分测量方法有助于深刻理解实验原理,其结果阐明了激发电位递增的物理本质.The physics content of Frank-Hertz experiment is substantial,and its phenomena have been widely concerned with experimental facts.There is still a shortage of deep discussion about the mechanism of phenomena.In this paper,using the method on differential measurement of collector current,the phenomena observed by conventional technique could be explained clearly by introducing the energy distribution of current.By measuring the changes in the peak shape of energy distribution at different acceleration potentials,the physical essence of alternating between single and double peaks was analyzed,and then the inherent correlation of routine experimental results with energy distribution patterns was deeply discussed.The differential measurement of collector current was conducive to deeply understanding the experimental principle,and the results elucidated the physics of excitation potential as increase with increasing accelerated voltage.

关 键 词：弗兰克-赫兹实验 激发电位 微分测量 能量分布 

分 类 号：O562[理学—原子与分子物理]