卧式滚筒好氧堆肥和条垛式好氧堆肥技术的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Horizontal Drum Aerobic Composting and Windrow Composting Technology

作　　者：刘宗萌 邓进超 李彩斌 刘小光 李慧玲 胡芳 闫园园 彭光霞 闫敏 郑锋 LIU Zongmeng;DENG Jinchao;LI Caibin;LIU Xiaoguang;LI Huiling;HU Fang;YAN Yuanyuan;PENG Guangxia;YAN Min;ZHENG Feng(Sustainable Green Energy ET.CO.,Ltd,Beijing 100192,China;Sustainable Green Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd,Beijing 100192,China;Feicheng Sustainable Bio-Energy Ltd,Tai'an,Shandong 271609,China;Feicheng Sustainable Green Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd,Tai'an,Shandong 271609,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中持绿色能源环境技术有限公司,北京100192 [2]北京中持农业技术有限公司,北京100192 [3]肥城中持十方生物能源有限公司,山东泰安271609 [4]肥城中持绿色农业技术有限公司,山东泰安271609

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2023年第10期63-70,共8页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0800604)。

摘　　要：卧式滚筒好氧堆肥采用卧式滚筒作为好氧反应器,通过滚筒的转动使物料、氧气、微生物充分混合反应,实现物料腐殖化。条垛式好氧堆肥是在好氧条件下,将物料混合后堆积成窄长条垛状进行堆肥化,并定期使用机械或人工进行翻堆通风。为验证卧式滚筒好氧堆肥和条垛式好氧堆肥效果的差异性,该研究以干式厌氧后的沼渣为主要原料,粉碎后的玉米秸秆、鸡粪为辅料,进行好氧堆肥试验。结果表明:试验第13天,卧式滚筒好氧堆肥温度不再上升,发芽指数(GI)为1.02,碳氮比(C/N)为14.36,胡富比为1.26,堆肥产物达到完全腐熟,堆肥时间远小于条垛式好氧堆肥的29天。卧式滚筒堆肥产物的总养分增加0.94%、胡敏酸含量为24.85 g/kg、纤维素降解率为33.45%、半纤维素降解率为34.33%、木质素降解率为15.33%,条垛式好氧堆肥产物总养分增加0.65%、胡敏酸含量为22.08 g/kg、纤维素降解率为29.33%、半纤维素降解率为30.26%、木质素降解率为10.28%,卧式滚筒堆肥产物的上述指标均显著高于条垛式好氧堆肥产物(P<0.05),表明其质量更优。因此,与条垛式相比,卧式滚筒好氧堆肥能够加速堆肥进程,减少堆肥时间,提高堆肥效率,保证堆肥质量。Horizontal drum aerobic composting adopts horizontal drum as an aerobic reactor,which can realize the full mixing reaction of materials,oxygen and microorganisms through the rotation of the drum and thus humify the material.Windrow composting is to pile up the materials into long and narrow strip piles under aerobic conditions,and use mechanical or manual ventilation regularly.In order to verify the difference between horizontal drum aerobic composting and windrow aerobic composting,the biogas residue after dry anaerobic treatment was used as the main raw material,and corn straw and chicken manure after crushing were used as auxiliary materials.Results showed that at 13th day of the experiment,the temperature of horizontal drum aerobic composting no longer rose,the Germination Index(GI)was 1.02,the carbon nitrogen raotio was 14.36,the HA/FA was 1.26,and the composting product was thoroughly decomposed,the duration of composting was far less than 29 days for windrow composting.The total nutrients of horizontal drum compost products increased by 0.94%,humic acid content was 24.85 g/kg,cellulose degradation rate was 33.45%,hemicellulose degradation rate was 34.33%,lignin degradation rate was 15.33%,the total nutrients of windrow compost products increased by 0.65%,humic acid content was 22.08 g/kg,cellulose degradation rate was 29.33%,hemicellulose degradation rate was 30.26%,lignin degradation rate was 10.28%.The above indicators of the products of horizontal drum composting are significantly higher than those of windrow composting products of strip stacking(P<0.05),revealing its superiority.In conclusion,compared with the windrow composting,horizontal drum aerobic composting can accelerate the composting process,reduce the composting time,improve the composting efficiency and ensure the composting quality.

关 键 词：卧式滚筒堆肥反应器 沼渣 好氧堆肥 条垛式堆肥 腐熟 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S811.5[农业科学—农业基础科学] X731[环境科学与工程—环境工程]