浙北地区农用地和建设用地土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价  

Heavy metal pollution and risk assessment in agricultural land and construction land of Northern Zhejiang

作　　者：邹合萍 戴争博 严俊 李福坚 狄宝生 胡斯翰 李健 ZOU He-ping;DAI Zheng-bo;YAN Jun;LI Fu-jian;DI Bao-sheng;HU Si-han;LI Jian(Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Engineering Limited Company,Hangzhou 310012,China;Eco-environment Low Carbon Development Center of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310012,China;Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Centre,Hangzhou 310015,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江环境监测工程有限公司,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江省生态环境低碳发展中心,浙江杭州310012 [3]浙江省生态环境监测中心,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《环境生态学》2023年第9期1-10,共10页Environmental Ecology

摘　　要：为了研究浙北地区农用地和建设用地2种不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属污染情况,采集并分析了159个表层(0~20 cm)土壤样品中的Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni 8种重金属含量,采用主成分分析法(PCA)进行来源解析,并运用单因子污染指数法、污染负荷指数法、潜在生态风险及预警指数法进行综合评价。结果显示,农用地和建设用地8种重金属元素的平均质量分数均未超过相关评价标准筛选值,但均超过浙江省土壤环境背景值,其中农用地中Cd和Hg污染,建设用地Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn污染明显。研究区农用地和建设用地土壤重金属综合污染负荷指数(PLI)均为轻度污染状态,且对土壤污染贡献率最大的重金属元素均为Cd,可为研究区土壤重金属的污染防治、风险管控提供依据。研究区农用地除Cd为中度污染外,其他7种重金属均为轻微污染;建设用地Cd为重度污染,Cu、Zn、Pb为轻度污染,Cr、Hg、As、Ni为轻微污染。研究区农用地土壤Ni、Zn、Cu、Cr主要受土母质影响,Cd和Pb主要来源可能为交通运输,Hg和As主要受人类活动影响;建设用地Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni可能具有不同程度的相同来源,并且与As元素来源不同。农用地土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险处于低生态风险、无警等级,但部分点位达到中等生态风险、中警级别,其中Cd、Hg为主要风险元素;建设用地生态风险较低,处于无警级别。农用地、建设用地2种不同土地利用类型对土壤重金属的积累没有显著性影响。To investigate the soil heavy metals pollution in agricultural land and construction land of Northern Zhejiang,159 soil samples were collected and eight heavy metals(Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni)were determined.The single pollution index method,pollution load index(PLI),Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and potential ecological risk index(RI)were used to comprehensive evaluation.The descriptive statistics results showed that the average content of eight heavy metal in agricultural land and construction land had not exceeded the national secondary level of soil environmental quality standards,but had exceeded the background level of soil in Zhejiang.The pollution of Cd and Hg in agricultural land and Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn in construction land were obvious.The average value of PLI of eight heavy metals in agricultural land and construction land were light pollution,and the largest pollution contribution rate was Cd.It can provide the basis for soil pollution prevention and risk control of heavy metals in the study area.In the study agricultural land,Cd was moderately polluted,and the other 7 heavy metals were mildly polluted.In the construction land,Cd was the severe pollution level,Cu,Zn,Pb were the light pollution level,Cr,Hg,As,Ni were the mildly pollution level.The result showed that Ni,Zn,Cu,Cr in agricultural land mainly came from parent material influence,Cd and Pb may came from traffic sources,while Hg and As mainly influenced by human activities.Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn and Ni in construction land may have the same sources,which different from As element sources.The RI of agricultural land was low ecological risk and no alarm rating.However,some sites reached the level of medium ecological risk and medium alarm,among which Cd and Hg were the main risk elements.The RI of construction land ecological risk was low and in the level of no alarm.The two different land use types of agricultural land and construction land have no significant effect on heavy metals accumulation.

关 键 词：农用地 建设用地 土壤重金属 潜在生态风险指数 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]