2013-2021 年上海市松江区水痘流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Songjiang District, Shanghai from 2013 to 2021

作　　者：朱祺[1] 钱婧娴 沈金花[1] 陈文花[1] 沈静雯[1] 陆红梅[1] ZHU Qi;QIAN Jingxian;SHEN Jinhua;CHEN Wenhua;SHEN Jingwen;LU Hongmei(Songjiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市松江区疾病预防控制中心,上海201620

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2023年第7期639-643,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2021年度长三角免疫规划领军人才研究项目(CSJP038)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析2013—2021年上海市松江区水痘的发病状况和趋势,评估上海市水痘疫苗免疫策略,并为完善水痘防控措施提供依据。【方法】收集2013—2021年松江区12417例水痘病例基本资料,描述水痘病例的三间分布,比较不同户籍、性别、年龄、职业各年份的发病情况。【结果】松江区2013—2021年累计报告水痘病例12417例,年平均发病率为77.03/10万,2013—2017年发病率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=19.39,P<0.001),2017—2021年发病率呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=758.62,P<0.001)。发病呈季节性变化,高峰为4—5月和11月—次年1月。发病人群中本市居民发病率高于外来人员(χ^(2)=2935.58,P<0.001);职业以学生为主,占总病例数的38.59%;发病人群主要集中在5~9岁儿童,占总病例数的23.45%,但病例年龄分布历年间存在差异(χ^(2)=615.57,P<0.001),该年龄段发病占比自2017年后呈下降趋势。【结论】近年来松江区水痘发病率总体呈下降趋势。目前儿童仍是水痘发病的主要人群,但年龄分布发生了变化,上海市水痘疫苗免疫策略的调整有效降低了适龄对象水痘发病占比。[Objective]To evaluate the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine immunization strategy in Shanghai,and to provide evidence for enhancing prevention and control measures by analyzing the incidence and trends of varicella in Songjiang District,Shanghai from 2013 to 2021.[Methods]A descriptive analysis was conducted on 12417 varicella cases reported in Songjiang District between 2013 and 2021.The epidemiological distribution of varicella cases was described,and the incidence rates were compared among different demographic variables,including registered residence,gender,age,and occupation.[Results]A total of 12417 varicella cases were reported in Songjiang District from 2013 to 2021,with an average annual incidence of 77.03/105.The incidence of varicella showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2017(χ^(2)_(trend)=19.39,P<0.001),followed by a subsequent decrease from 2017 to 2021(χ^(2)_(trend)=758.62,P<0.001).Varicella cases demonstrated significant seasonal variation,with peak incidences occurring in April to May and November to January of the following year.The incidence rate among local residents was higher than that among non-local residents(χ^(2)=2935.58,P<0.001).Most(38.59%)of the cases were students aged between 5 and 9 years old,accounting for 23.45%of the total cases.However,the age distribution of cases varied over the years(χ^(2)=615.57,P<0.001),and the incidence among children aged 5 to 9 years showed a declining trend since 2017.[Conclusion]The overall incidence of varicella in Songjiang District exhibites a declining trend in recent years.Although varicella primarily affects children,there have notable changes in the age distribution.Adjustment of the immunization strategy for varicella vaccines in Shanghai effectively reduces the proportion of school-age subjects.

关 键 词：水痘 流行病学 分析 

分 类 号：R183.3[医药卫生—流行病学]