印度的语言地位规划——宪法第八附则的现状、局限与出路  

The Status Planning of the Languages of India the Status quo Limitation and Future of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution

作　　者：田亚东 Tian Yadong

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《南亚研究季刊》2023年第3期118-138,159,160,共23页South Asian Studies Quarterly

摘　　要：《印度宪法》在其第八附则中明确列举了22种语言,这些附则语言在各种领域享受了诸多优待。多数观点认为附则语言关乎民族自治,然而这种观点错误地将附则语言与各邦的官方语言等同,实际上两者的关系只是交叉而非全同。由于附则语言享受了诸多优待,导致非附则语言遭受了歧视乃至压迫,同时鉴于第八附则已无扩张的现实可能性,因此多数观点主张废除第八附则从而彻底消除歧视,但是他们却忽视了由此带来的现实问题:如果完全按照人口比例分配语言资金,那么使用人口稀少的濒危语言反而失去了专属资金;如果企图将所有的语言都确认为考试语言,那么最终只能排除地方层面的语言而选择联邦的官方语言,这样反而可能会造成更多的歧视。因此,对第八附则恐怕只能维持现状。The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India enumerates 22 languages giving rise to these languages enjoying numerous privileges in a multitude of domains.Most scholars argue that scheduled languages also determine the ethnic autonomy as they equate scheduled languages and official languages wrongly while these two categories of languages are just overlapping rather than equivalent.Non-scheduled languages suffer discrimination and even oppression owing to preferential treatment that scheduled languages have.Most researchers hold the view that the Eighth Schedule should be abolished since there is no space for the Eighth Schedule to extend any more.Whereas particle problems are neglected in this way endangered languages which is spoken rarely conversely lose exclusive funds for them if making the fund in proportion to the population totally and more prejudice will be made while regional languages will be substituted by union languages if making attempt to confirm all languages as the test language.Above all maintaining the status quo maybe is the only way for the Eighth Schedule.

关 键 词：印度宪法第八附则 语言地位规划 语言平等 

分 类 号：D735.122[政治法律—政治学]