论商事习惯司法适用顺位规范  

On Judicial Applications of Commercial Custom

作　　者：匡凯 易蓥 KUANG Kai;YI Ying(School of Law,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《晋中学院学报》2023年第5期63-68,共6页Journal of Jinzhong University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国自由贸易区人力资本集聚及优化配置中交易成本作用机制研究”(17BGL104)。

摘　　要：在民商合一体制之下,正确理解商法与民法之间的关系,是正确适用民商事规范的前提。商法作为“市场法”,以商人理性为立法起点,给予商事主体更大的自由,也赋予商事主体更重的责任;民法作为“市民法”,以市民理性为立法起点,给予民事主体更多的保护,以实现市民社会的公平。因此,在民商合一体制之下,商法以其独特的价值和功能实质独立于民法。在商法实质独立于民法的基础之上,商法存在立法漏洞时,应当以商事习惯优先进行漏洞填补,在商事案件中确立“商法-商事习惯-民法”的司法适用顺位。实现商事习惯的优先适用,不仅需要以立法或者司法解释的方式明确其优先地位,还需要细化其适用规则,确立商事规则的识别点,明确商事习惯的认定标准,明晰商事习惯的举证责任。Under the system of civil and commercial integration,a correct understanding of the relationship between commercial law and civil law is a prerequisite for the correct application of civil and commercial norms.Commercial law,as a“market law”,takes merchant rationality as the legislative starting point,giving commercial subjects greater freedom and heavier responsibilities;civil law,as a“municipal civil law”,takes the rationality of citizens as the starting point for legislation,giving more protection to civil subjects,in order to achieve fairness in civil society.Therefore,under the system of civil and commercial integration,commercial law is essentially independent of civil law with its unique values and functions.On the basis of the substantive independence of commercial law from civil law,when there are legislative loopholes in commercial law,commercial customs should be given priority to filling the loopholes,and the judicial application order of“commercial law-commercial customscivil law”should be established in commercial cases.To achieve the priority application of commercial customs,it is not only necessary to clarify its priority status through legislation or judicial interpretation,but also to refine its applicable rules,clarify the identification standards of commercial customs,and clarify the burden of proof of commercial customs.

关 键 词：商事习惯 商法独立性 商事主体 商业市场 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]