沥青烯基碳纳米材料制备及其对于HMX、RDX的热分解催化性能  

Preparation and Catalytic Effect of Pitch Based Carbon Nanomaterials on thePyrolysis of HMX and RDX

作　　者：刘蓬远 任莹辉[1] 马海霞[1] 申文忠 秦芳芳 阴佑强 LIU Peng-yuan;REN Ying-hui;MA Hai-xia;SHEN Wen-zhong;QIN Fang-fang;YIN You-qiang(School of Chemical Engineering,Northwest University,Xi′an 710069,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学化工学院,陕西西安710069 [2]中国科学院煤化学研究所煤转化国家重点实验室,山西太原030001

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2023年第8期724-732,I0003,共10页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：The Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion (No.J20-21-904)。

摘　　要：为了制备出高比表面积的多孔碳纳米材料来改变HMX和RDX的热分解催化性能,以两种不同分散效果的氧化沥青烯为碳源,以尿素作为结构导向剂在高温条件下形成两种不同孔径的多孔炭纳米片。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和比表面积及孔径分析仪对样品的形貌和结构进行了测试和表征。结果表明,亲水性更好的氧化沥青烯所制备的炭纳米片(ASPCNs 2)较亲水性较差的沥青质氧化物(ASPCNs 1)制备的碳纳米片具有更高比表面积(2470.47、1742.83m^(2)/g)和更大的孔体积(1.38、1.40cm^(3)/g)。ASPCNs 1和ASPCNs 2整体结构呈现蜂窝煤装,孔结构主要是以微孔为主。此外,ASPCNs 2对RDX和HMX热分解的催化作用优于ASPCNs 1,使其热分解峰温和表观活化能分别降低了26.23℃和34.15℃,37.45kJ/mol和48.22kJ/mol。To prepare porous carbon nanomaterials with high specific surface area and alter the thermal decomposition catalytic performance of HMX and RDX,by using two different dispersing effects of asphaltene oxide as carbon source,two types of porous carbon nanosheets with different pore sizes were obtained by structural guides formed by urea at high temperature.The morphology and structure of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and specific surface area and pore size analyzer tests.The results show that the carbon nanosheets(ASPCNs 2)prepared from the asphaltene oxide with strong hydrophilic have higher specific surface area(2470.47、1742.83 m^(2)/g)and larger pore volume(1.38、1.40 cm^(3)/g)than those prepared from the asphaltene oxide with weak hydrophilicity(ASPCNs 1).ASPCNs 1 and ASPCNs 2 present honeycomb-like structure,and the pore structure is mainly composed of micropores.Besides,the catalytic effects of ASPCNs 2 on the thermal decomposition of RDX and HMX are better than ASPCNs 1.The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of RDX and HMX in the presence of ASPCNs 2 are decreased by 26.23℃and 34.15℃,respectively,and the apparent activation energies are decreased by 37.45 kJ/mol and 48.22 kJ/mol,respectively.

关 键 词：物理化学 沥青烯 多孔碳纳米片 比表面积 热分解 催化活性 HMX RDX 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]