单宁提取物对泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响  

Effects of Tannin Extracts on Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Blood Indicators of Early⁃Lactating Holstein Cows

作　　者：任帅 沈宜钊 徐宏建 李妍[3] 赵晓静[4] 霍子韩 王志远 王美美[1,2] 孙凤莉 李建国[1,2,6,7] 高艳霞[1,2,6,7] REN Shuai;SHEN Yizhao;XU Hongjian;LI Yan;ZHAO Xiaojing;HUO Zihan;WANG Zhiyuan;WANG Meimei;SUN Fengli;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle(Co-Construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071001,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]农业农村部奶牛健康养殖重点实验室(部省共建),保定071001 [3]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071001 [4]保定职业技术学院,保定071001 [5]河北省畜牧兽医研究所,保定071001 [6]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071001 [7]河北省乳制品产业技术研究院,石家庄050000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第9期5755-5764,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部——国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS36);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018120203);河北省重点研发项目(20326606D);河北农业大学精准畜牧学科群建设项目(1090064)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平单宁提取物对泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、营养物质表观消化率和血液指标的影响。选取60头健康且乳产量[(46.83±1.92)kg/d]、泌乳天数[(77.85±3.23)d]、胎次[(2.54±0.21)胎]相近的泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计分为4组,每组15头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加10、20和30 g/(d·头)的单宁提取物(由栗木单宁提取物和白坚木单宁提取物组成,单宁总含量≥73%),试验期56 d。结果显示:1)饲粮中添加单宁提取物对干物质采食量、脂蛋校正乳产品以及饲料效率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但线性增加了乳产量、乳蛋白率和乳蛋白产量(P<0.05),线性降低了乳尿素氮含量(P<0.05),有线性降低体细胞评分的趋势(P=0.10)。2)饲粮中添加单宁提取物对各营养物质表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮中添加单宁提取物对血清葡萄糖、β-羟丁酸、非脂化脂肪酸、总蛋白、白蛋白、肌酐含量及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05),但线性增加了血清总抗氧化能力及超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05),线性降低了血清丙二醛(P=0.05)和尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,给泌乳早期荷斯坦奶牛饲喂单宁提取物可以在不影响干物质采食量和营养物质表观消化率的情况下,通过改善抗氧化状态和提高氮利用效率来改善奶牛生产性能。本试验条件下,单宁提取物的最佳添加水平为30 g/(d·头)。This study was conducted to examine the effects of diets supplemented with different levels of tannin extracts on performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and blood indicators of early-lactating Holstein cows.Sixty Holstein cows in early lactation[(77.85±3.23)days in milk,(2.54±0.21)parities,milk yield was(46.83±1.92)kg/d]were divided into 4 groups by a randomized complete design,and each group had 15 cows.Cows in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10,20 and 30 g/(d·head)tannin extracts(It was composed of chestnut tannin extract and white wood tannin extract,and the total content of tannin was 73%)for 56 d.The results showed as fol-lows:1)although dry matter intake,fat-and protein-corrected milk yield and feed efficiency were not signifi-cantly affected by tannin extracts supplementation(P>0.05),the milk yield,milk protein percentage and milk protein yield increased linearly(P<0.05),the milk urea nitrogen content decreased linearly(P<0.05),and the somatic cell count tended to decrease linearly with increasing tannin extracts supplementation(P=0.10).2)The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not significantly affected by tannin extracts supplementation(P>0.05).3)Supplementation of tannin extracts did not significantly affect the contents of serum glucose,β-hydroxybutyric acid,non-esterified fatty acid,total protein,albumin,creatinine,and the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase(P>0.05),whereas serum total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased linearly(P<0.05),and the con-tents of serum urea nitrogen(P<0.05)and malondialdehyde(P=0.05)decreased linearly with increasing tan-nin extracts supplementation.In conclusion,feeding tannin extracts to early-lactating Holstein cows can im-prove the performance by increasing antioxidative status and nitrogen efficiency without affecting dry matter in-take and nutrient apparent digestibility.The o

关 键 词：单宁提取物 奶牛 生产性能 营养物质表观消化率 抗氧化性能 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]