开食料中添加不同诱食剂对荷斯坦犊牛采食偏好、生长性能和血液指标的影响  

Effects of Starter Supplemented with Different Feeding Attractants on Feeding Preference,Growth Performance and Blood Indexes of Holstein Calves

作　　者：霍子韩 李岩 徐宏建 户林其 许芮婷 任帅 王志远 陈攀亮 王美美[1,2] 李妍 李建国[1,2,4,5] 高艳霞[1,2,4,5] 沈宜钊 HUO Zihan;LI Yan;XU Hongjian;HU Linqi;XU Ruiting;REN Shuai;WANG Zhiyuan;CHEN Panliang;WANG Meimei;LI Yan;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia;SHEN Yizhao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle(Co-Construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071001,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]农业农村部奶牛健康养殖重点实验室(部省共建),保定071001 [3]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071001 [4]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071001 [5]河北省乳制品产业技术研究院,石家庄050000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第9期5775-5786,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS36);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队项目(HBCT2018120203);河北农业大学精准畜牧学科群建设项目(1090064);乐达(广州)香味剂有限公司研发基金项目。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究开食料中添加甜味剂与橙香剂对荷斯坦犊牛采食偏好、生长性能和血液指标的影响。试验采用双料槽设计,选取初生重[(38.80±0.36)kg]相近的健康荷斯坦犊牛60头,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、橙香剂组、甜味剂、橙香剂+甜味剂组,每组15头,对照组饲喂不含诱食剂的开食料,橙香剂组、甜味剂组、橙香剂+甜味剂组分别饲喂添加甜味剂、橙香剂、甜味剂+橙香剂的开食料。试验从犊牛3日龄开始,试验期为63 d。在试验第56天断奶后对犊牛开食料采食情况继续进行1周的追踪。结果显示:1)添加甜味剂和橙香剂对犊牛开食料采食量无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但从整个饲养周期看,橙香剂使犊牛表现出了显著的采食偏好(P<0.05)。2)添加甜味剂和橙香剂对哺乳期犊牛体重和平均日增重无显著交互作用(P>0.05),但添加甜味剂显著增加了断奶后犊牛的平均日增重(P<0.05)。3)试验结束时,各组犊牛的体尺指标并没有表现出显著差异(P>0.05)。4)第28天时,添加甜味剂显著增加了犊牛血清白蛋白含量以及白球比(P<0.05),有增加血清总蛋白含量的趋势(P=0.07),同时显著降低了血清球蛋白含量(P<0.05);添加橙香剂显著增加了犊牛血清球蛋白含量(P<0.05),有降低血清尿素氮含量的趋势(P=0.06)。5)第28天时,添加橙香剂显著升高犊牛血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),显著降低了血清谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05)。6)第28天时,添加甜味剂有升高犊牛血清葡萄糖含量的趋势(P=0.05);第56天时,添加甜味剂有升高犊牛血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的趋势(P=0.05)。综上所述,在开食料中添加橙香剂使荷斯坦犊牛产生了采食偏好,虽未提高犊牛的生长性能,但有提高机体抗氧化能力和降低肝脏损伤的潜力;在开食料中添加甜味剂虽然未使荷斯坦犊牛产生采食偏好,但提高了断奶后犊牛的平均日增重,维持了体内糖、脂代谢稳�This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of inclusion of sweetener and orange flavor in starters on feeding preference,growth performance and blood indexes of Holstein calves.The double-feed tank design was adopted in this experiment.Sixty newborn Holstein calves with similar birth weight[(38.80±0.36)kg]were randomly divided into 4 groups,including control group,orange flavor group,sweetener group and orange flavor+sweetener group,with 15 replicates in each group.Calves in the control group were fed a starter without feeding attractant,and those in the orange flavor group,sweetener group and orange flavor+sweetener group were fed starter supplemented with orange flavor,sweetener and orange flavor+sweete-ner.The experiment began at the age of 3 days after birth.The experimental period was 63 days,including one week tracking of starter intake after weaning on the 56th day of the experiment.The results showed as follows:1)adding sweetener and orange flavor had no significant interaction on the starter intake of calves(P>0.05),but calves showed a significant feeding preference for orange flavor during the whole feeding period(P<0.05).2)Adding sweetener and orange flavor had no significant interaction on the body weight and average daily gain of calves(P>0.05),but the post-weaning average daily gain was significantly increased when adding sweetener(P<0.05).3)At the end of the experiment,there were no significant differences in body size indexes of calves among groups(P>0.05).4)On the 28th day,serum albumin content and albumin/globulin ratio of calves were significantly increased when adding sweetener(P<0.05),serum total protein con-tent had an increasing trend(P=0.07),and serum globulin content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Serum globulin content was significantly increased by adding orange flavor(P<0.05),and the serum urea ni-trogen content had a tendency to decrease(P=0.06).5)On the 28th day,serum total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased by adding orange flavor(P<0.05),and serum

关 键 词：荷斯坦犊牛 诱食剂 开食料 采食偏好 生长性能 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]