不同蛋白质水平饲粮对舍饲牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及菌群结构和功能的影响  

Effects of Diets with Different Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Structure and Function of Bacterial Flora of Housed Yaks

作　　者：甄虎 庞凯悦 李红丽 柴沙驼[1,2] 王迅 孙武[1,2] 张艳 扎西东智 董谭琴[1,2] 杨英魁 王书祥 ZHEN Hu;PANG Kaiyue;LI Hongli;CHAI Shatuo;WANG Xun;SUN Wu;ZHANG Yan;ZAXI Dongzhi;DONG Tanqin;YANG Yingkui;∗WANG Shuxiang(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,Xining 810016,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Jianza County,Huangnan Prefecture,Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [3]青海省黄南州尖扎县畜牧兽医站,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第9期5787-5800,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：青海高海拔地区特色养殖业提质增效关键技术集成与示范(2022YFD1602301)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮不同蛋白质水平对舍饲牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及菌群结构和功能的影响。试验选取36头体重为(200±20)kg、健康状况良好的成年公牦牛,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头牦牛。在饲粮代谢能(10.6 MJ/kg)一致的前提下,分别配制低蛋白质水平饲粮(12%,LP组)、中蛋白质水平饲粮(14%,MP组)、高蛋白质水平饲粮(16%,HP组)。预试期15 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)MP组牦牛平均日增重显著高于LP组和HP组(P<0.05);LP组干物质采食量显著高于HP组(P<0.05);LP组料重比显著高于MP组和HP组(P<0.05)。2)LP组微生物蛋白浓度显著低于HP组(P<0.05);MP组丙酸浓度显著低于HP组(P<0.05)。3)3个试验组共鉴定出11989种瘤胃液特征序列,共有1165种瘤胃液特征序列(ASVs),占总数的9.72%,LP组、MP组和HP组的ASVs数量分别为3437、4184和3903种,其独占种数分别为1351、1978和1790种;LP组Shannon指数显著低于MP组和HP组(P<0.05);LP组Simpson指数显著低于MP组(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,MP组螺旋体门(Spiro-chaetota)相对丰度显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);LP组广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)相对丰度显著低于其他2组(P<0.05);在属水平上,LP组与MP组克里斯藤森菌科_R-7(Christensenellaceae_R-7)相对丰度均显著低于HP组(P<0.05)。5)利用PICRUSt2来预测瘤胃细菌的代谢途径及功能,在KEGG2水平上,氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、辅助因子和维生素的代谢在HP组显著富集(P<0.05);碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢在LP组显著富集(P<0.05);LP组其他氨基酸代谢显著低于HP组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂相同代谢能不同蛋白质水平饲粮对舍饲牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵类型、瘤胃细菌丰富度、瘤胃菌群结构和瘤胃细菌代谢功能途径均会产生影响。饲喂14%蛋白质水平饲粮的舍饲牦牛具有较高的平均日增重、较低的料重比与较高的养殖效益,瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度较高,瘤胃菌群丰富度和多�The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different protein levels of diets on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters and the structure and function of bacterial flora of housed yaks.Thirty-six adult male yaks weighing(200±20)kg and in good health were randomly divided into three groups with 3 repetitions in each group and 4 yaks in each repetition.Under the premise of consistent dietary metabolizable energy(10.6 MJ/kg),low protein level diet(12%,LP group),medium protein level diet(14%,MP group)and high protein level diet(16%,HP group)were formulated,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 15 days and the experimental period lasted for 90 days The results showed as follows:1)the average daily weight gain of yaks in the MP group was significantly higher than that in the LP and HP groups(P<0.05);the dry matter intake in the LP group was significantly higher than that in the HP group(P<0.05);the feed-to-weight ratio in the LP group was significantly higher than that in the MP and HP groups(P<0.05).2)The concentration of microbial protein in LP group was significantly lower than that in HP group(P<0.05);the concentration of propionic acid in MP group was significantly lower than that in HP group(P<0.05).3)A total of 11989 characteristic sequences of rumen fluid were identified in the three ex-perimental groups,with a total of 1165 amplicon sequence variants(ASVs),accounting for 9.72%of the to-tal;the number of species of ASVs in the LP,MP and HP groups were 3437,4184 and 3903,respectively,and their exclusive species were 1351,1978 and 1790,respectively;the Shannon index in the LP group was significantly lower than those in the MP and HP groups(P<0.05);the Simpson index in the LP group was significantly lower than that in the MP group(P<0.05).4)At the phylum level,the relative abundance of Spirochaetota in the MP group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups(P<0.05);the rela-tive abundance of Euryarchaeota in the LP group was significantly lower than that in th

关 键 词：蛋白质水平 舍饲牦牛 生长性能 瘤胃发酵参数 瘤胃菌群 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]