不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈肠道结构和肠道微生物组成变化的比较  

Comparison of Gut Structure and Microbial Composition Changes in Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)at Different Breeding Stages

作　　者：李鸣霄 强俊[1,2] 徐钢春[2] 周国勤 张茂友 陶易凡 路思琪 李岩 陆健 徐跑[1,2] LI Mingxiao;QIANG Jun;XU Gangchun;ZHOU Guoqin;ZHANG Maoyou;TAO Yifan;LU Siqi;LI Yan;LU Jian;XU Pao(Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214081,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishes and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Nanjing Fishery Science Research Institute,Nanjing 210036,China;Suzhou Aquatic Products Technology Promotion Station,Suzhou 215008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,无锡214081 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,农业部淡水渔业与种质资源利用重点实验室,无锡214081 [3]南京市水产科学研究所,南京210036 [4]苏州水产技术推广站,苏州215008

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第9期5886-5903,共18页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS[2021]130);苏州市科技计划项目(SNG2021009);加州鲈产业重大技术协同推广计划(2022⁃ZYXT⁃07)。

摘　　要：为了探究不同养殖阶段的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)肠道组织学结构和肠道微生物组成的变化,本研究挑选孵化后第5、25、45和180天的大口黑鲈,分别代表开口摄食、转食人工配合饲料、适应人工配合饲料和成鱼养殖4个阶段,采集肠道组织,制作组织切片和测定消化酶活性,并提取DNA进行16S rDNA高通量测序分析。结果显示:大口黑鲈在第5、25、45和180天的肠道结构形态随着养殖周期延长而不断完善,其中肠道绒毛高度和杯状细胞数量不断增多。第45天幼鱼肠道淀粉酶活性显著高于第5天仔鱼(P<0.05),但脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性无显著变化(P>0.05);第25天稚鱼3种消化酶活性最低,而第180天成鱼消化酶活性最高。此外,通过16S rDNA测序,从4组大口黑鲈肠道中共鉴定出了19个门和336个属,其中变形菌门是大口黑鲈的核心菌门,占所有肠道微生物的90.61%。气单胞菌属在第5天大口黑鲈肠道中占据优势地位,而第25天稚鱼肠道微生物群多样性具有显著优势,其中假单胞菌属、乳球菌属和不动杆菌属相对丰度增加;第45天幼鱼肠道中假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属相对丰度较高,第180天成鱼肠道中检测出以邻单胞菌属为代表的新优势菌群。综上所述,转食投喂人工配合饲料会改变大口黑鲈肠道消化酶活性,并驱动肠道优势微生物由气单胞菌属向假单胞菌属、乳球菌属等转变。In order to explore the changes of intestinal histological structure and microbial composition of large-mouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)at different breeding stages,in our study,largemouth bass at 5,25,45,and 180 days after hatching were selected,representing four stages of open feeding,transformation to com-pound feed,adapt to compound feed and adult breeding,respectively.Then intestinal tissues were collected for tissue slicing and determination of digestive enzyme activity,and intestinal DNA were extracted for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis.The results showed that the gut structure of largemouth bass was gradually improved with the extension of breeding time,and the height of intestinal villus and the number of goblet cells continued to increase.The intestinal amylase activity of the 45 day-fish was significantly higher than that of the 5 day-fish(P<0.05),but the lipase and trypsin activities did not change significantly(P>0.05).The activi-ties of these three digestive enzymes were the lowest in the 25 day-fish,while those of the 180 day-fish were the highest.In addition,a total of 19 phyla and 336 genera were identified from the largemouth bass gut at 4 groups by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis,of which Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum of largemouth bass,accounting for 90.61%of all gut microbes.Aeromonas dominated the gut of 5 day-fish,and 25 day-fish had the highest gut microbiota diversity,with increased relative abundances of Pseudomonas,Lactococcus and Acinetobacter.The relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus in the gut of 45 day-fish was higher,sev-eral new dominant bacteria represented by Plesiomonas were detected in the 180 day-fish.In conclusion,the process of transformation to compound feed can change intestinal digestive enzymes activities of largemouth bass,and drive the transformation of intestinal dominant microorganisms from Aeromonas to and Pseudo-monas,Lactococcus and so on.

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 苗种培育 食性转变 肠道结构 肠道微生物 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]