20世纪50年代中国工业住区发展分期研究  

A Study on China’s Industrial Housing Development in the 1950s

作　　者：张一平 刘一丹 ZHANG Yiping;LIU Yidan(Faculty of Architecture,KU Leuven,Ghent 9000,Belgium;School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Department of Architecture and Urban Studies,Politecnico di Milano,Milan 20133,Italy)

机构地区：[1]鲁汶大学建筑学院,比利时根特9000 [2]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [3]米兰理工大学建筑与规划学院,意大利米兰20133

出　　处：《工业建筑》2023年第8期1-9,共9页Industrial Construction

摘　　要：20世纪50年代以工业住区和工人住宅为代表的单位住房体系是中国现代城市住区和单元式公寓的起点,其住居空间生产和日常规范塑造模式仍在很大程度上影响着今日的城市建设与社会生活。另一方面,工业住区作为新中国工业生产的配套设施,不仅是社会主义建设的重要物证,其中所蕴含的集体记忆与场所精神也有极高的社会价值,并且共同构成了新中国工业遗产的完整性。通过文献阅读和案例分析的方法还原我国工业住区这一时期建设与演变的过程及影响变化的机制和驱动因素。根据对住区规划和住宅设计两个方面的考察,结合政治-经济的历史背景和代表该阶段发展水平的标志性案例,梳理出50年代中国工业住区发展的四个阶段:沿袭过渡、标准化、本土化、厉行节约。在归纳总结各阶段特点的基础上将视野延伸至苏联原型,更全面掌握中国工业住区在20世纪50年代发展的外部影响因素。In the 1950s,the Danwei housing system represented by industrial residences was the starting point of modern urban housings in China.The production of living space and the shaping of daily norms still largely influence today’s city construction and urban life.On the other hand,industrial residences,as supporting facilities for industrial production in New China,are not only important material evidence of socialist construction,but also have extremely high social value in the collective memory and place spirit,and together constitute the integrity of socialist industrial heritage.Through literature review and case analysis,the process of construction and evolution of industrial residences in this period,as well as the mechanism and driving factors affecting the changes were retrieved.Based on the investigation of residential layout and housing design,combined with the political-economic background and iconic cases,four stages of the development of industrial residences in the 1950s were sorted out:inheriting and transition,standardization,localization,and practicing thrift.Based on the understanding of the characteristics of industrial housings in each stage,the research vision was extended to the Soviet prototype,so as to comprehensively grasp the external influencing factors of the evolution of Chinese industrial housings in the 1950s.

关 键 词：邻里单位 苏联模式 标准化 本土化 厉行节约 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]