古堆-南梁泉域岩溶水环境问题现状与泉源区保护  

Current situation of karst groundwater environmental problems and spring source protection in the Gudui-Nanliang spring basin

作　　者：王志恒 梁永平[1,2] 史浙明 申豪勇[1,2] 张松涛 赵一 谢浩[1,2] 赵春红 唐春雷 Wang Zhiheng;Liang Yongping;Shi Zheming;Shen Haoyong;Zhang Songtao;Zhao Yi;Xie Hao;Zhao Chunhong;Tang Chunlei(Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology,Guilin Guangxi 541004,China;International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/International Joint Research Center on Karst Dynamic Systems and Global Change,Guilin Guangxi 541004,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Development Research Center of Water in Shanxi,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/广西岩溶资源环境工程技术研究中心,广西桂林541004 [2]联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心,广西桂林541004 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [4]山西省水利发展中心,太原030001

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2023年第5期228-240,共13页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：自然资源部中国地质调查项目(DD20230425,DD20221758,DD20190334);国家自然科学基金项目(41902256);中国地质科学院基本科研项目(2020010,JKYQN202370,2022007)。

摘　　要：古堆-南梁泉域位于山西省南部,是一个深循环与浅循环共存、冷水系统与热水系统循环转化、多级次排泄的复合型岩溶水系统,因长期不合理的开发利用,泉域内出现了一系列岩溶水环境地质问题。以水文地质调查工作为基础,综合采用地下水流场对比分析、水文地球化学及同位素分析、岩溶水资源评价等方法,详细论述了古堆-南梁泉域内岩溶水环境问题现状及其成因,并提出了泉源区生态修复与规划方案。结果表明:受气候变化与人类活动的叠加影响,系统内古堆泉、南梁泉、海头泉分别于1999年、1992年、2002年断流,2013-2021年区域地下水位平均下降速度达2.53 m/a;水化学、同位素分析结果指示了排泄区九原山附近松散岩类孔隙水越流补给量、三泉水库渗漏补给量对岩溶地下水的影响已不可忽略;泉域内岩溶水超Ⅲ类水水质标准样品占比由2014年的62.5%升高至2021年的81.25%;泉源区0.904 km 2范围可细分为核心保护区、水库蓄水区、一般保护区,应分区进行生态保护与修复规划。研究结果可为山西省超采区综合治理、古堆泉水生态修复与保护工作提供基础依据。[Objective]The Gudui-Nanliang spring basin located in southern Shanxi Province is a complex karst water system with the coexistence of deep and shallow circulation,the transformation of cold and hot water,and multistage discharge.Due to long-term unreasonable exploitation and utilization,a series of geological environment problems related to karst groundwater have emerged in the spring basin.The present study aims to propose an ecological restoration and planning scheme for the spring basin by discussing in detail the status of karst groundwater-related environmental problems and their causes.[Methods]Based on a hydrogeological survey,this paper comprehensively employs a variety of methods,including comparative analysis of groundwater flow field,hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis,and evaluation of karst water resources.[Results]The results show that due to the superimposed effects of climate change and human activities,Gudui Spring,Nanliang spring,and Haitou spring cut off the flow in 1999,1992,and 2002,respectively,and the average decline rate of the regional groundwater level from 2013 to 2021 reaches 2.53 m/a.The results of hydrochemical and isotopic analysis indicate that the recharge to the karst groundwater of porous groundwater from unconsolidated deposits through leakage and surface water from Sanquan Reservoir through seepage cannot be ignored.The proportion of karst water samples worse than the water quality standard of class III in the spring basin increased from 62.5%in 2014 to 81.25%in 2021.The range of 0.904 km 2 of the spring source area can be subdivided into core protection zone,general protection zone and reservoir storage zone.Ecological protection and restoration planning should be carried out considering the differences between the three zones.[Conclusion]The results of the study can provide a basis for the comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation areas in Shanxi Province and the ecological restoration and protection of Gudui spring basin.

关 键 词：古堆泉 岩溶水 环境问题 泉源保护 超采区 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]