核辐射综合屏蔽材料研究进展  

Research Progress in Nuclear Radiation Comprehensive Shielding Materials

作　　者：高静 丁谦学[1] 梅其良[1] 肖学山[2] GAO Jing;DING Qianxue;MEI Qiliang;XIAO Xueshan(Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research&Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200233,China;Institude of Materials,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China)

机构地区：[1]上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司,上海200233 [2]上海大学材料研究所,上海200072

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第20期7-14,共8页Materials Reports

摘　　要：核能技术的快速发展带来了辐射安全隐患,为保护人员的身体健康与周围环境的安全必须采取屏蔽体进行防护。核设施结构的复杂性以及应用场景的多样性对核辐射综合屏蔽材料的性能提出更高的要求,材料不仅要具备优异的中子/γ屏蔽功能,还应具有优异的力学性能以作为结构材料使用。本文简述了核辐射综合屏蔽材料的设计要求,并根据国内外屏蔽材料的研究现状,综述了常用的辐射屏蔽材料的研究进展,对比分析金属与非金属材料的屏蔽性能,总结了不同基体与功能填料的研究内容、特点以及存在的问题,提出了屏蔽材料结构/功能一体化已成为发展方向,指出含稀土元素的镍基复合材料在防辐射屏蔽材料方面的应用将成为进一步研究的重点,为新型辐射屏蔽材料的研制应用提供了参考。The rapid development of nuclear energy technology has brought about hidden dangers of radiation safety.In order to protect the health of personnel and the safety of the surrounding environment,a shield must be used for protection.The complexity of the nuclear facility structure as well as the diversity of application scenarios puts forward higher requirements for the performance of comprehensive shielding materials.Materials not only have excellent neutron andγ-ray shielding functions,but also have remarkable mechanical properties to be used as structural materials.This article briefly describes the design requirements of nuclear radiation comprehensive shielding materials.According to the research status of shielding materials at home and abroad,the research progress of commonly used radiation shielding materials is reviewed.Through comparative analysis of the shielding performance of metallic and non-metallic materials,the research content,characteristics and problems of various substrates and functional filler materials are summarized.It is proposed that the structure/function integrated shielding material has become the development direction.And the application of nickel-based composites containing rare earth elements will become the focus of further research,which provides a reference for the development and application of new radiation shielding materials.

关 键 词：屏蔽材料 中子 Γ射线 辐射防护 

分 类 号：TL7[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]