封孔剂降低热喷涂涂层孔隙率的研究进展  

Research Progress of the Sealant Decreased Thermal Spray Coating Porosity

作　　者：王浩臻 周新远 刘明 贾磊[1] 黄艳斐 王海斗[2,3] WANG Haozhen;ZHOU Xinyuan;LIU Ming;JIA Lei;HUANG Yanfei;WANG Haidou(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710072,China;National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing,Academy of Army Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China;National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing,Academy of Army Armored Forces,Beijing 100072,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710072 [2]陆军装甲兵学院装备再制造技术国防科技重点实验室,北京100072 [3]陆军装甲兵学院机械产品再制造国家工程研究中心,北京100072

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第20期206-224,共19页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52130509);十四五预研项目支持。

摘　　要：热喷涂技术作为表面工程与再制造工程的关键支撑技术之一,集表面防护涂层制备与关键金属构件修复于一体,满足装备耐磨损、耐腐蚀、耐高温隔热及导电、催化、生物活性等不同服役要求,在航空航天、石油化工、交通运输、装备制造等工业领域有广阔的应用前景,是众多高端装备制造不可或缺的高附加价值制造技术。研究表明,由无数喷涂粒子堆积成形的热喷涂涂层不可避免地存在结构性缺陷(孔隙、裂纹)。然而,随着高端装备制造领域对构件使用性能需求的不断提高,涂层的使用工况趋于严苛。一方面,涂层中复杂的结构缺陷通过影响涂层的力学性能、耐磨损性能等综合性能来制约装备服役可靠性;另一方面,腐蚀性介质(如空气、水、离子等)可以通过通孔直接腐蚀基体而致使涂层脱落失效,限制装备服役寿命。因此,国内外学者致力于热喷涂涂层密封后处理的研究。在实际生产过程中,封孔剂密封处理因兼具技术性、经济性与通用性的显著优势而广泛应用于热喷涂涂层封孔后处理。其中,有机封孔剂普遍化学性能稳定,渗透能力强,可以有效封闭涂层中大部分通孔,阻断腐蚀通道,显著提高涂层的耐腐蚀性能。而无机封孔剂一般固化收缩率较大,封孔涂层表面易出现裂纹,致使其封孔效果低于有机封孔剂。但是,无机封孔剂密封处理热喷涂涂层具有优异的耐高温、力学性能及耐磨损性能。本文在分析热喷涂涂层孔隙的形成机理及孔隙对涂层服役性能影响的基础上,详细介绍了应用于热喷涂涂层密封处理的各种封孔剂,综合对比了各封孔剂密封处理热喷涂涂层后的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨损性能,归纳了各封孔剂浸渗工艺的优缺点,并指出了封孔剂密封处理技术存在的关键问题及未来的发展方向。As one of the key supporting technology of surface and remanufacturing engineering,thermal spraying technology integrates the preparation of surface protective coatings and the repair of metal components to meet the requirements of wear resistance,corrosion resistance,thermal barrier,electric conduction,catalysis,biological activity and so on.It has wide application prospect in aerospace,aviation,petrochemical industry,transportation and other industrial fields,and thermal spraying technology is an indispensable high-value-added manufacturing technology for high-end equipment manufacturing.Research shows that the thermal spray coating formed by the accumulation of countless spray particle inevitably has structural defects(pores,cracks).However,with the requirements for the performance of equipment continue to increase,the working conditions of coatings tend to be more severe.On the one hand,the complex structural defects in the coating restrict the reliability of the equipment by affecting the comprehensive properties of the coating,such as mechanical properties and wear resistance;on the other hand,air,water,ions and other corrosive media can pass through open pores.It directly corrodes the substrate and causes the coating to fall off,limiting the life of the equipment.Therefore,domestic and foreign scholars are devoted to the research on the post-treatment of thermal spray coating.In the actual production process,the sealant has the significant advantages of technology,economy and versatility,so it is widely used in the post-treatment of thermal spray coatings.Among them,organic sealant generally has stable chemical properties and better penetration ability,which can effectively close most of the open pores in the coating,block corrosion channels,and significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the coating.The inorganic sealant ge-nerally has a larger curing shrinkage rate,and the surface of the sealed coating is prone to cracks,resulting in its sealed effect being lower than that of the organic sealing ag

关 键 词：热喷涂涂层 封孔剂 孔隙率 耐腐蚀 耐磨损 浸渗 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]