自然主义与现实主义的叠错合离  

Overlapping and Interlocking as Well as Uniting and Separating of Naturalism with Realism

作　　者：刘澍芃 LIU Shupeng(Public Foundational Courses Department,Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业职业技术大学公共基础课部,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《江苏科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期31-37,共7页Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：现实主义思潮和自然主义思潮是欧洲19世纪中后期写实文学的两大景观。二者时而合体,时而分蘖,时而交融,时而错离。它们在艺术原则和创作手法上异同互存,彼此融通。自然主义在将自然、科技引入文艺领域方面有一定贡献,但其否定典型化,这违背了文学艺术按照美的规律反映生活的理念,也对写实文学有着负面作用。作为自然主义理论和创作的集大成者,左拉虽对巴尔扎克等人的现实主义因子有颇多肯定,其观点也有明显的启迪意义,但同时也表达出自相矛盾的一面。总之,自然主义与现实主义的联系与区别的启迪意义表现在写实与按照美的规律反映生活的统一上。Realism and naturalism are two major landscapes of European realistic literature in the middle and late 19th century.Sometimes the two merge and overlap,at other times,they separate and interlock.Their similarities and differences in artistic principles and creative techniques exist and blend with each other.Naturalism has contributed to the introduction of nature and technical science into the field of literature and art,but its negation of typification violates the idea that literature and art reflect life according to the rules of beauty,and also has a negative effect on realistic literature.As a master of naturalism theory and creation,Zola,although affirming the realism factor of Balzac and in spite of the enlightenment significance of his views,he also shows his contradictions prominently.To sum up,the enlightment of connecting and differentiating naturalism an realistim is integrate and the reflection of life in an artistic and a realistic way.

关 键 词：欧洲 19世纪 写实文学 自然主义 实验小说 

分 类 号：I109.9[文学—世界文学]