东南亚国家防空识别区现行特点与法理辨析  

Current Characteristics and Jurisprudence Analysis of Air Defense Identification Zones in Southeast Asian Countries

作　　者：曹群 贾丁 CAO Qun;JIA Ding

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院海洋安全与合作研究中心

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第4期1-13,151,共14页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“外国防空识别区现行规则研究”(项目批准号:21FGJB015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：目前,东南亚仍有不少国家公开划设防空识别区(ADIZ),其现行规则颇具特点,不仅反映出对美国等较早划设防空识别区之国规则的继承和发展,还包括一些本地区独有的特色条款。在覆盖范围上,东南亚的所有防空识别区皆延伸至本国领空之外,甚至有覆盖他国领空者,但大体均位于本国飞行情报区(FIR)之内,与他国飞行情报区少有重合。在适用对象和适用穿越情况方面,东南亚国家的防空识别区规则并未提及适用外国军机,亦未明确排除适用“仅穿越”而无意进入领空的航空器。东南亚国家防空识别区的实践呈多样化,除了以“飞行计划”和“位置报告”为主的防空识别区程序要求外,部分国家防空识别区规则的“空防许可”(ADC)或“拦截花销”规定在其他地区实践中甚为少见。作为南海沿岸国,菲律宾和印度尼西亚若扩展防空识别区,则难免牵涉到南沙争议岛礁和相关水域。At present,there are still many countries in Southeast Asia which have publicly set up Air Defense Identification Zones(ADIZs).The current rules of such ADIZs are quite characteristic,not only reflecting the inheritance and development of the ADIZ rules declared by the United States and other countries earlier but also including some special terms unique to the region.In terms of coverage,all ADIZs in Southeast Asia extend beyond the national airspace,and some even cover the airspace of other countries,but they are generally located within the flight information region(FIR)of the country and rarely overlap with the FIRs of other countries.In terms of applicable objects and applicable crossing situations,the ADIZ rules of Southeast Asian countries do not mention the application of foreign military aircraft,nor do they explicitly exclude the application of aircraft that“only cross”without intention to enter territorial airspace.ADIZ rules in Southeast Asian countries are diversified.In addition to the common requirements such as“flight plans”and“position reports”,ADIZ rules in some Southeast Asian countries include“Air Defense Clearance”(ADC)and“Interception Cost”regulations which are rare in ADIZ practice of other regions.It is also worth noting that as coastal countries in the South China Sea,if the Philippines and Indonesia expand their air defense identification zones,they will inevitably involve the disputed islands and reefs in the South China Sea and related waters.

关 键 词：东南亚 防空识别区 飞行情报区 《国际民用航空公约》 《联合国海洋法公约》 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] D993.4[政治法律—法学] D733