从近年来地方选举看印度左翼政党发展新态势  

The New Development Trend of Left-wing Political Parties in India from the Perspective of Local Elections in Recent Years

作　　者：胡月 杜敏 HU Yue;DU Min

机构地区：[1]云南大学马克思主义学院 [2]云南大学国外马克思主义学科发展中心

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第4期44-57,153,154,共16页South and Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：2023年云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“印度社会主义运动的新动向和新态势研究”(项目编号:2023Y0273)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：印度左翼政党是指印度信奉社会主义-共产主义的政党,按照意识形态划分,可以分为温和、激进和极端三种类型。(1)印度左翼政党在20世纪有过辉煌的历史,曾在1996年的印度大选中与印度国民大会党和印度人民党形成三足鼎立的局面,进入21世纪后逐步陷入颓势。近年来,印度左翼政党在地方选举中表现出色,其中,以人民党(联合派)为代表的温和左翼在卡纳塔克邦、比哈尔邦、北方邦等传统势力邦表现亮眼,取得新的成绩;以印度共产党(马克思主义)为代表的激进左翼不仅在2021年再次赢得喀拉拉邦的议会选举,打破该邦的“历史惯例”,还在同年泰米尔纳德邦的议会选举中获得新的政治突破;以印度共产党(毛主义)为代表的极端左翼力量在革命斗争中也取得了新的成就。除此之外,印度左翼政党在政治实践中还表现出鲜明的地缘特征和政治诉求弹性化、左翼格局联合化等新特点。总体而言,印度左翼政党发展明显回潮,逐步复苏。但在内部力量分化、如何处理与国大党的关系、地方性政党逐步崛起等多重因素的影响下,他们短期内依然无法与强大的印度人民党抗衡,未来发展仍然面临着重重挑战。India’s left-wing political parties refer to the political parties in India that believe in socialism and communism.According to ideology,they can be divided into three types:moderate,radical and extreme.India’s left-wing political parties had a glorious history in the 20th century.In the 1996 Indian general election,they formed a tripartite situation with the Indian National Congress Party and the Bharatiya Janata Party.After entering the 21st century,they gradually fell into decline.In recent years,India’s leftwing political parties have performed well in local elections.Among them,the moderate left wing represented by the Bharatiya Janata Party(United)has made a remarkable performance in traditional states such as Karnataka,Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.The radical left,represented by the Communist Party of India(Marxist),not only won Kerala’s parliamentary elections again in 2021,breaking the“historical convention”of the state,but also made a new political breakthrough in Tamil Nadu’s parliamentary elections in the same year.Extreme left forces represented by the Communist Party of India(Maoist)have also made new achievements in the revolutionary struggle.In addition,India’s left parties in the political practice also showed a clear geographical characteristics and political demands flexibility,left-wing pattern of unity and other new characteristics.On the whole,Generally speaking,the development of left-wing political parties in India has obviously re-surged,showing a trend of gradual recovery.However,under the influence of multiple factors such as the division of internal forces,how to deal with the relationship with the Congress Party,and the gradual rise of local political parties,they still cannot compete with the powerful Bharatiya Janata Party in the short term,and their future development still faces many challenges.

关 键 词：左翼政党 印度地方选举 印度政党发展 印共(马) 印度人民党 

分 类 号：D735.1[政治法律—政治学]