2010—2020年开封市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological Characterization of Mumps in Kaifeng from 2010 to 2020

作　　者：张洁[1] 孙冬[2] 黄昌红[2] Zhang Jie;Sun Dong;Huang Changhong(Division of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kaifeng,Henan,475000,China)

机构地区：[1]开封市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制科,河南开封475000 [2]开封市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,河南开封475000

出　　处：《黑龙江医学》2023年第20期2497-2500,共4页Heilongjiang Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的:探讨2010—2020年开封市流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征,以期为制定流行性腮腺炎的预防控制策略提供依据。方法:用描述性流行病学方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告2010—2020年开封市流行性腮腺炎病例进行分析。结果:2010—2020年开封市共报告流行性腮腺炎9258例,其中2013年病例数所占比例最高(16.41%),2020年病例数所占比例最低(4.49%),总体趋势较平稳。流行性腮腺炎发病具有显著发病季节特征,每年发病高峰期为4—7月及11月—次年1月。开封市流行性腮腺炎报告发病率前3位是鼓楼区、龙亭区和通许县。发病人群中男女性别比为1.81∶1;年龄分布以15岁以下儿童和青少年为主,占总病例数80.24%;以学生数量最多(61.74%),其次为托幼儿童和散居儿童;7961例(85.99%)有麻腮风疫苗(MMR)免疫史;无免疫史1297例,占14.01%;未接种MMR的病例中,发热率为32.07%,双侧腮腺肿大率为26.60%,高于有MMR接种史的。结论:开封市应尽早安排适龄儿童接种2剂次MMR疫苗,同时加强幼托和学校流行性腮腺炎检测和防控工作,关注学生及幼童等重点发病人群。Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Kaifeng City from 2010 to 2020,with a view to providing a basis for the development of preventive and control strategies for mumps.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze mumps cases in Kaifeng from 2010 to 2020 as reported by the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System.Results:A total of 9258 cases of mumps were reported in Kaifeng from 2010 to 2020,with the highest proportion of cases in 2013(16.41%)and the lowest proportion of cases in 2020(4.49%),and the overall trend was relatively stable.The incidence of mumps has significant seasonal characteristics,with peaks from April to July and from November to January next year.The top 3 reported incidence rates of mumps in Kaifeng City were Gulou District,Longting District and Tongxu County.The sex ratio in the incidence population was 1.81∶1,and the age distribution was dominated by children and adolescents under 15 years of age,who accounted for 80.24%of the total number of cases.The highest number of cases were among students(61.74%),followed by children in childcare and children living in the diaspora.7961 cases(85.99%)had a history of immunization with MMR vaccine and 1297 cases(14.01%)had no history of immunization.The rate of fever was 32.07%and bilateral parotid gland enlargement was 26.60%in the unvaccinated MMR cases,which was higher than those with a history of MMR vaccination.Conclusion:Kaifeng City should arrange 2 doses of MMR vaccine for school-age children as early as possible,and strengthen mumps detection and prevention and control work in kindergarten nurseries and schools,and pay attention to key morbidity groups such as students and young children.

关 键 词：流行性腮腺炎 流行病学 发病率 开封 

分 类 号：R512.1[医药卫生—内科学]