大口黑鲈形态特征、染色体核型及眼晶状体乳酸脱氢酶的电泳分析  

Morphological Characteristics,Karyotype and Electrophoretic Analysis of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes Expressed in Eyes of Micropterus salmoides

作　　者：张涛[1] 周剑光[1] 张林[1] 甘金华[1] 何力[1] ZHANG Tao;ZHOU Jianguang;ZHANG Lin;GAN Jinhua;HE Li(Laboratory of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products(Wuhan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Freshwater Fish Germplasm Quality Supervision and Testing Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部水产品质量安全风险评估实验室(武汉)/农业农村部淡水鱼类种质监督检验测试中心/中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第10期1503-1511,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：中国水产科学院基本科研业务费(淡水水产品营养品质评价与质量控制创新团队);国家产地水产品兽药残留监控计划(2023);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2018HY-ZD0603)。

摘　　要：旨在了解大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的种质特性,为其种质鉴定提供理论依据。采用传统形态学方法观测样品形态特征,借助肾细胞滴片空气干燥法制备染色体标本并进行核型分析,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究大口黑鲈眼晶状体乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)。结果表明:大口黑鲈体呈纺锤形,口裂大,斜裂;背部黑绿色,体侧青绿;吻端至尾鳍基部有排列成带状的黑斑。鳃盖上有3条呈放射状的黑斑;背鳍鳍式D.VIII~XI-11~14;臀鳍鳍式A.III-9~12;左侧第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙数为6~7,鳔1室,脊椎骨总数30~32。染色体数目2n=46,核型公式为2m+2st+42t,臂数NF=48,未发现带有随体、次缢痕的染色体和异型性染色体,大口黑鲈进化上符合高位类群核型特征;眼晶状体中的LDH酶带5条,观察到LDHA、LDHB和LDHC 3个基因位点。综上所述,在对大口黑鲈进行种质鉴定时,建议采用多种种质鉴定技术手段系统化地考察和评价其种质状况。The germplasm characteristics of Micropterus salmoides was clarified to provide theoretical basis for their germplasm identification in this study.The morphological traits of the experimental fish were investigated by using traditional morphological methods,and the karyotype was analyzed by kidney cell cold-dropping and air-drying method.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)isozymes expressed in eyes of Micropterus salmoides were analyzed by using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results of several main morphological characteristics were shown as follows:the Micropterus salmoides is spindle-shaped with big slant mouth cracks,black green backside and dark green lateral sides.There are banding black spots from the foremost part of the head to caudal fin base.Three radial black spots are on gill cover.Dorsal fin formula is D.VIII-XI-11-14 and anal fin A.III-9-12.The number of outer gill racker on the left first gill arch is 6-7,the number of vertebra is 30-32 and there is one sac in the swim bladder.The chromosome number is 2n=46,chromosome formula is 2m+2st+42t,NF=48.No satellite,secondary constriction or heteromorphic chromosome of sex were observed.Micropterus salmoides was consistent with the karyotype characteristics of a typical high-level groups.Five LDH isozymes bands expressed in the eyes of Micropterus salmoides.LDHA,LDHB and LDHC locus were observed.To sum up,the germplasm identification of Micropterus salmoides should be systematically inspected and evaluated by multiple technique.

关 键 词：大口黑鲈 形态特征 染色体 核型 乳酸脱氢酶 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]