生物质基炭材料在染料敏化太阳能电池电极领域的研究进展  

Research progress of biomass-based carbon materials in dye-sensitized solar cells'electrodes

作　　者：万才超 柴亚玲 魏松 程文杰 吴义强[1] WAN Caichao;CHAI Yaling;WEI Song;CHENG Wenjie;WU Yiqiang(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2023年第5期1-12,共12页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家万人计划青年拔尖项目(SQ2022QB07490)。

摘　　要：太阳能电池可将太阳能转化为电能,具有环保、高效等特性,因此受到国内外研究者的广泛关注。染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)是一种备受瞩目的新型太阳能电池,但其所用的炭材料(如石墨烯、碳纳米管等)价格普遍较为昂贵,因此亟须开发高性能且价格低廉的炭材料。本综述旨在阐明生物质基炭材料在DSSCs中的应用策略和发展方向,为更好地促进生物质基炭材料在太阳能电池领域的应用提供科技支撑。生物质基炭材料具有电催化活性高、孔隙可调等特性,且来源广泛、制备简单、稳定性高。为了进一步增加比表面积,可以通过活化制备具有更多孔隙结构的活性炭材料;除了提供有序的分级孔隙结构,大多数生物质原料具有丰富的杂原子,因此杂原子掺杂可以在炭化后直接实现,从而提高生物质基炭材料的导电性;将生物质基炭材料与其他材料复合还可以进一步提高离子/电子迁移效率。这些生物质基炭材料应用在太阳能电池中可以有效地改善器件的稳定性、光电转换效率(PCE)等性能。笔者概述了生物质的来源和结构特性,归纳了生物质基炭材料的制备和修饰方法,并对DSSCs的工作原理进行了介绍,最后系统阐述了生物质基炭材料作为对电极、光阳极等DSSCs核心部件的研究进展和应用现状。Solar cells can convert solar energy into electric energy and feature with good environmental friendliness and high efficiency and are thus received wide attention from researchers internationally.Dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)are a category of high-profile solar cells,but the involved carbon materials(e.g.,graphene,carbon nanotubes,etc.)are generally expensive.As a result,it is necessary to develop high-performance and low-cost carbon materials.This review aims at clarifying the application strategy and development direction of the biomass-derived carbon in DSSCs,which can provide scientific and technological supports for better promoting the application of biomass-derived carbon materials in the field of solar cells.Biomass-derived carbon has the characteristics of high conductivity,adjustable pores,wide sources,easy preparation,and high stability.In order to further increase the specific surface area,activated carbon materials with more pore structures can be prepared by activation.In addition to providing orderly hierarchical pore structure,most biomass raw materials are rich in heteroatoms.Heteroatom doping can be rea-lized directly after carbonization,thus improving the conductivity of biomass-based carbon materials.Combination of biomass-based carbon materials with other materials can further improve the ion/electron migration efficiency.As the positive electrode of DSSCs,the counter electrode collects electrons from external circuits and catalyzes the reduction of oxidized electrolytes.As the negative electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells,the photoanode needs to adsorb dyes and promote the generation of electrons.Biomass-based carbon materials can meet the requirements of these two electrodes.When biomass-based carbon materials are used in counter electrodes and photoanodes,the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency(PCE)of these DSSCs devices are significantly improved.Based on these issues,at first this review summarizes the source and structural characteristics of biomass and elaborates

关 键 词：生物质基炭材料 染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs) 对电极 光阳极 结构调控 

分 类 号：S789[农业科学—林学] TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]