山区流域地貌单元水系生态安全分类治理——基于流域生态学视角  

The Classification and Governance of Water System Ecological Security in Mountainous Watersheds:A Case Study from the Perspective Watershed Ecology

作　　者：林小如[1,2,3] 贾宇轩 黄友谊 詹丽娜 潘爱丰 LIN Xiaoru;JIA Yuxuan;HUANG Youyi;ZHAN Lina;PAN Aifeng

机构地区：[1]厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院 [2]厦门大学厦门市建筑遗产保护智能技术集成应用重点实验室 [3]厦门大学湾区(大鹏)规划与发展研究中心 [4]厦门大学城乡规划设计研究院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2023年第9期35-41,共7页South Architecture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FGLB022):海岸带空间脆弱性评估与韧性安全治理研究;福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(2023J01009):基于脆弱性评估的海岸带空间韧性安全规划管控技术研究;福建省社会科学基金资助项目(FJ2022B051):基于社会生态脆弱性评估的福建省海岸带空间规划管控研究;中电建华东院重大科技计划(201计划)项目(KY2019-ZD-03):厦门大学湾区(大鹏)规划与发展研究中心。

摘　　要：流域生态学倡导从多类型的流域地貌单元对水系进行生态治理和系统维护。针对近年来多发的流域性生态风险、水系治理过度与治理缺位并存等问题,提出分类治理的路径方法。基于地貌起伏度将浙江省山区流域地貌单元分为高起伏度山区、中起伏度山区、低山丘陵区三种类型。通过山区自然地貌类型与水系生态安全风险的关系梳理、及其与水岸建设交互特征的定量分析,揭示不同自然地貌类型下山区水系生态安全格局的特征规律,提出各类流域地貌单元水系生态安全的管控要点。高起伏度山区水系生态安全治理应从“河流坡底-河岸植被-森林系统”的垂直维度强化育水回水和生态涵养。中起伏度山区水系治理宜通过全周期的山洪风险防治和水系下垫面的生态修复进行拓容蓄洪和疏水排涝。低山丘陵区水系应通过“产-汇-滤”全链条的增滤减排,自然径流结构的完善优化,促进因势淘污和占补平衡。Watershed ecology advocates ecological governance and system maintenance of water systems from numerous types of watershed geomorphic units.In the Zhejiang province,80%of rivers are mountainous rivers.Rivers are the foundation of agricultural production,an important carrier of ecosystems,and an essential part of flood control systems in watershed areas.However,the lack of relevant understanding creates an issue with the ecological safety of water systems in the decline of different types of watershed geomorphic units during governance.The standard rate of water system governance in mountainous areas is low,and large-scale governance vacancy exists.In contrast,there is excessive governance.The negative impacts of considerable engineering facilities of water system ecological governance are stronger than the positive benefits if it lacks a reasonable judgment of ecological safety under the perspective of watershed ecology.The diversified geomorphic units in the Zhejiang province have typical ecological safety issues of a water system and represent regional types.Under the cross-effect of extreme weather problems under climate change and environmental risks of regional water systems,ecological risks have become a prominent concern of disasters in watershed areas.For the ecological safety risks of water systems with significant regional differences,it is extensive and limited to cope with the problems of watershed units with different disaster risk characteristics using a single governance technique.Therefore,what are typical features of ecological safety risks of water systems in different types of watershed geomorphic units in mountainous regions and how to determine scientific governance countermeasures according to local situations are the key problems that must be urgently solved.To address the above problems,(1)ArcGIS tool is applied.The watershed geomorphic units in mountainous regions of the Zhejiang province are divided into three natural landform types according to geomorphic relief:high-relief type,moderat

关 键 词：流域生态学 山区 生态安全 治理 浙江省 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]