星地SLR和星间链路的BDS-3卫星精密定轨  

Precise orbit determination using satellite laser ranging and inter-satellite link observations for BDS-3 satellites

作　　者：曲伟菁[1] 黄勇[1,2,3,4] 徐君毅 孙淑贤[5] 周善石 杨宇飞 何冰[6] 胡小工 QU Weijing;HUANG Yong;XU Junyi;SUN Shuxian;ZHOU Shanshi;YANG Yufei;HE Bing;HU Xiaogong(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques,Shanghai 200030,China;Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Beijing Satellite Navigation Center,Beijing 100092,China;Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]上海市空间导航与定位技术重点实验室,上海200030 [3]中国科学院行星科学重点实验室,上海200030 [4]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049 [5]北京卫星导航中心,北京100092 [6]浙江水利水电学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《测绘学报》2023年第9期1437-1448,共12页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12273096,12173072);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA30000000);科工局民用航天技术预先研究项目(D010105);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2200903);国家重点研究计划(2016YFB0501900);上海市科学技术委员会(12DZ2273300)。

摘　　要：目前,BDS-3卫星上已全部搭载星间链路设备,可利用星间双向测量数据分离卫星相对钟差和相对几何距离解耦卫星轨道和钟差,再把星间距离作为观测量结合地面测量数据进行星地星间联合定轨。人卫激光测距(SLR)技术不受载波相位模糊度、钟差等因素的影响,数据处理过程相对于GNSS技术的数据处理更简单,可以作为一种独立于GNSS观测技术的测量手段。所有BDS卫星上已搭载激光角反射器,因此本文利用2020年1月北斗星间链路数据及少量SLR数据对11颗BDS-3卫星(MEO/IGSO/GEO)进行联合精密定轨试验。分析结果表明,基于SLR和星间链路的3类轨道类型的BDS-3卫星定轨精度相当,轨道精度径向为4.2 cm,三维精度为30.2 cm;卫星轨道预报12 h和24 h MEO卫星三维精度约40.0 cm,IGSO三维精度优于60.0 cm;GEO卫星三维精度约1.0 m。在精密定轨的同时解算地球自转参数(ERP),由于激光数据量少,极移精度约3.0 mas,日长变化精度为0.35 ms。利用少量SLR观测数据和星间链路测量数据联合可以实现导航卫星的高精度定轨,如果能够对BDS卫星加强激光观测,有助于提升轨道精度,为BDS自主可控空间基准参数解算提供参考。BDS satellites are equipped with the inter-satellite link(ISL)equipment,which can observe other satellites and ground monitoring stations with Ka-band measurements.The relative satellite clock and geometric distance can be separated to decouple the satellite orbit and clock difference using the dual one-way ISL ranging measurements of BDS satellites.The geometric distance is taken as the observation and is combined with the ground-based measurements to determine the precision orbit of BDS satellites.Satellite laser ranging has no carrier phase ambiguity and clock difference and is not affected by the ionosphere.SLR data and data processing are relatively simple,which can be used as a measurement technology independent of GNSS.This paper focuses on precision orbit determination for 11 BDS satellites(MEO/IGSO/GEO)based on SLR and ISL measurements.The accuracy of the BDS-3 satellite orbit determination based on the SLR and the inter-satellite links is greatly improved compared with the SLR data only,especially for GEO and IGSO satellites.The satellite orbit accuracy of the three orbit types is equivalent.The accuracy is 4.2 cm for radial component and 30.2 cm for 3D position.The accuracy of 12 h and 24 h predicted orbit is about 40.0 cm for the 3D position for MEO satellites,less than 60.0 cm for IGSO satellites and about 1 m for GEO satellites.The Earth rotation parameters are estimated simultaneously with the satellite orbit.Although the accuracy of the pole motion and LOD is about 3.0 mas and 0.35 ms due to the small amount of SLR observation data,the method is feasible to calculate the earth rotation parameters.The results show that the high precision orbit of the navigation satellites can be obtained using ISL measurements and small amount of the SLR data.If BDS constellation can be intensively tracked,it will help to improve the orbital accuracy.The results can also provide a reference for the solutions of BDS spatial datum parameters.

关 键 词：人卫激光测距 星间链路 BDS 精密定轨 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]