先秦“天人合一”思想形成之路径  

Application of Cognition of the Relationship among Heaven,Earth and Human in the Pre-Qin Period and the Formation Process of the Thought of“Harmony between Human and Nature”

作　　者：文丽丽[1] 张劲松 Wen Lili;Zhang Jinsong(Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha,Hunan,410114;Hunan Federation of Literary and Art Circles,Changsha,Hunan,410001)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学,湖南长沙410114 [2]湖南省文学艺术界联合会,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《地方文化研究》2023年第2期10-23,共14页Local Culture Research

摘　　要：距今8000年前后,人们用以地方为模型,以太阳运行为参照的“天地合一”方式给“天地定位”,开启了对天地关系的认识和利用。早期农耕先民形成因为农作种植的天地关联紧密性合一认识,约距今7000年始,为向天地求农作物收成,形成合祭天地鬼神与天地或巫为中介交通天地神祇、或祈祷物质性天地气交等的巫术和祭仪。距今约6000年后,分层社会的最高权贵——酋长开始对天神与天加以政治利用。为强化权威统治操弄,出现了将其始祖神与天相比并的配天礼仪。良渚早期国家人王为了威权统治操弄,将其始祖神与天神合一并奉为至上神;殷商传承人王则将其始祖神与天神合一的至上神上升到了“帝”的崇拜;西周初,因为政治理性的进步,出现了所谓德性“天人合一”思想;春秋战国时期,由于人的主体意识觉醒,自然性的“天人合一”思想开始出现。About 8000 years ago,the ancestors“positioned Heaven and Earth”,by means of“harmony between Heaven and Earth”which took the geographical orientations as models and the sun movement as reference.Such a positioning initiated the cognition and application of the relationship between Heaven and Earth.The recognition of a tight relationship between Heaven and Earth enlightened by crops planting came into being.About 7000 years ago,the farming ancestors began to pray for harvests by worshipping Heaven and Earth.They held sacrifice rituals or employed witchcraft,such as worshiping Heaven,Earth and Spirits jointly,taking Heaven,Earth or wizards as mediators to communicate with Deity,or praying for physical fusion of the essence between Heaven and Earth.About 6000 years ago,the tribal chiefs,the most privileged in the stratified society,began to be engaged in the political application of Deity and Heaven for their authoritative reign,represented by etiquette of worshipping the ancestors and Heaven together to match the status of their earliest ancestors with that of Heaven.Human kings in the early Liangzhu states have been engaged in combing the Deity of Ancestors and Deity from Heaven into the Supreme Deity,with the aim to justify their authoritative reign.The Shang Dynasty inherited the“Heaven Emperor”worship,namely,the rulers continued to integrate human kings’Deity of Ancestors and Deity of Heaven into the Supreme Deity.In the early Western Zhou Dynasty,the moral thought of the“harmony between Human and Nature”arose from the progress in political rationality.In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period,the thought of natural oneness of Heaven,Earth and Human came into being due to correct cognition and the awaking of subject consciousness.

关 键 词：先秦 天-地-人关系 认识利用 “天人合一” 过程 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]